Virginia's 6th Congressional District election (May 19, 2018 Republican convention)
- General election: Nov. 6
- Voter registration deadline: Oct. 15
- Early voting: N/A
- Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 6
- Online registration: Yes
- Same-day registration: No
- Voter ID: Photo ID required
- Poll times: 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
2020 →
← 2016
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| Virginia's 6th Congressional District |
|---|
 |
| Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
| Election details |
| Filing deadline: March 29, 2018 |
| Primary: June 12, 2018 (Democratic primary), May 19, 2018 (Republican convention) General: November 6, 2018 Pre-election incumbent: Bob Goodlatte (Republican) |
| How to vote |
| Poll times: 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. Voting in Virginia |
| Race ratings |
Inside Elections: Solid Republican Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Republican |
| Ballotpedia analysis |
| U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018 |
| See also |
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th • 8th • 9th • 10th • 11th Virginia elections, 2018 U.S. Congress elections, 2018 U.S. Senate elections, 2018 U.S. House elections, 2018 |
State Delegate Ben Cline (R) was selected as the Republican nominee for Virginia's 6th Congressional District at the district convention on May 19, 2018. He won 52 percent of the vote on the first ballot after circuit court clerk Chaz Haywood (R) withdrew from the race and endorsed Cline.[1]
When incumbent Rep. Bob Goodlatte (R) announced he was not seeking re-election, the seat for Virginia's 6th Congressional District became open for the first time in 26 years, leading to a broad field of eight candidates.[2]
Virginia's Sixth District Republican Committee voted to hold a convention to select the Republican nominee rather than a primary. The victory method at the convention—by a plurality or majority vote of the delegates—became a critical issue in the race.
Cline and several other candidates advocated a majority vote. He alleged that committee chair Scott Sayre attempted to rig the convention in favor of one candidate by backing a single-ballot plurality vote.[3][4]
Republican National Committee member Cynthia Dunbar (R), who was reportedly favored by leadership in the district, supported the plurality vote as a way to prevent backroom deals at the convention.[5][6]
Delegates selected the majority vote victory method at the convention.[7]
Although this district is the second-most Republican in the state of Virginia, The Roanoke Times noted that the convention could lead to a Democratic victor in the general election if the selected candidate was too conservative and lacked connection to population center Roanoke Valley. The newspaper argued that a similar event happened in 1982 where the Republican candidate lacked general election appeal.[5]
| Candidate Filing Deadline | Primary Election | General Election |
|---|---|---|
Election results
The 6th Congressional District Republican Committee held a nominating convention on May 19, 2018. State Delegate Ben Cline (R) was selected as the Republican nominee for Virginia's 6th Congressional District after receiving 52 percent of the vote.[1]
Convention background
Virginia's Sixth District Republican Committee voted in January 2018 to hold a convention on May 19, 2018, rather than a primary. The committee also supported a plurality amendment to limit the vote to one ballot, instead of the multi-ballot voting system used at most conventions.[8]
Candidate and delegate Ben Cline (R) argued against the rules change: "They are attempting to rig the convention to help their chosen candidate because they do not believe their candidate of choice is strong enough to win a majority of delegates under the standard Convention rules."[9]
Dunbar approved of the plurality vote rule, tweeting, "Plurality = no backroom deals. Our campaign is proud to see that the committee is fighting back against the tricks of the swamp."[10]
The State Central Committee of the Virginia Republican Party ruled against the plurality method in late March 2018. State party executive director John Finley said selecting a congressional nominee by plurality vote would have been unprecedented.[11]
Delegates selected a majority vote as the victory method at the convention.[7]
Top candidates
Ben Cline (R)
Cline received his law degree from the University of Richmond in 2007 and has worked in private practice and as an assistant commonwealth's attorney. He previously served as Goodlatte's chief of staff. He was first elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, representing District 24, in 2002.[12]
When announcing his candidacy, Cline said, "For far too long, Washington insiders have ignored families outside their insular 'Beltway.' Again and again they have proved they are out of touch and tone deaf to our struggles. I’m not afraid to take a stand and fight for the people I serve, and I’m hoping to continue that service in Congress."[13]
Cline's policy priorities listed on his campaign website include decreasing federal spending, constructing a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border, and reducing tax rates and the number of tax brackets.[14]
Cynthia Dunbar (R)
Dunbar was elected as national committeewoman for the Republican Party of Virginia in April 2016. Her professional experience includes acting as the CEO of Global Educational Ventures, an education curriculum development company, and teaching law at the Liberty University School of Law.[15]
She said in a press release announcing her campaign, "As constitutional conservatives, we can no longer allow career politicians to focus on the next election as opposed to current problems facing our nation. What we need is true conservative leadership willing to support our President, uphold our party Platform, keep our Promises, and deliver liberty and justice for all."[16]
Dunbar's policy priorities include changing regulatory standards, limiting federal spending, and enacting a fetal heartbeat bill.[17]
Candidates
Republican primary candidates
Campaign themes and policy stances
Campaign themes
Ben Cline
| “ |
Fiscal Responsibility Our federal government is already more than $20 Trillion in debt, and our unfunded liabilities are nearly $110 Trillion. Our children and grandchildren deserve better than the reckless spending spree in Washington that is saddling our future generations with mountains of debt. We must reign in federal spending before it is too late, which is why Ben supports making the tough decisions to bring our budget into balance. Ben has never backed down on this issue and has consistently fought for budget cuts in Richmond and helped Americans for Prosperity (AFP) craft their model budget as co-chair of the state chapter. Taxes The Tax Reform package of 2017 was a step in the right direction, but more work is needed. Ben supports further simplifying the tax code and reducing rates and the number of tax brackets, which will allow more hard-working residents of the Sixth District to keep more of what they earn. Taxation should be used for raising federal revenues to fund the core functions of government found in the Constitution, not used as a tool to enact economic and social engineering. Ben has fought for lower taxes in Richmond and will do the same thing in Washington. Healthcare Obamacare must be repealed, the individual mandate completely scrapped, and Congress must empower individuals and their doctors to be in control of their healthcare. Enacting free market solutions, such as shopping for health insurance across state lines and breaking up the monopolies that currently exist, will end government control over one-sixth of our economy, freeing us from unelected bureaucrats making decisions best left to patients and their doctors. This is critical to reducing prices for consumers, improving the quality of our healthcare system, and increasing choices for hurting families in the Sixth District who are seeing their premiums skyrocket. Abortion Life begins at conception and must be protected. In addition to sponsoring the bill to ban funding for Planned Parenthood, Ben sponsored a resolution to recognize an annual “Day of Tears,” which calls for the lowering of flags to half-staff on the anniversary, January 22nd, of the Roe v. Wade decision. He has a 100% pro-life record in the House of Delegates and will never waiver on this issue when elected to Congress. Immigration Immigration policy must put America, and the Sixth Congressional District, first. We must secure our southern border by completing the border wall and working to streamline and improve our immigration system. It is time to immediately end visa lotteries, visa quotas, and chain migration. We must continue to deport illegal immigrants and pull all federal funding from sanctuary cities that willfully ignore the rule of law. National Defense National defense is the single most important, Constitutional obligation of the federal government. Our brave men and women in the armed forces need the resources and modernized equipment to protect our freedoms in an increasingly dangerous world. As we seek to modernize and improve our military readiness, we should account for every taxpayer dollar. As the delegate in the General Assembly who represents VMI, the nation’s oldest state-supported military institute, Ben will support our troops because he recognizes the sacrifices they’ve made on our behalf. Congress must do its job and fund our military while protecting taxpayers through regular audits of all federal agencies, including the Pentagon. Education Ben Cline has fought for parental rights and decentralization of education for years, and will continue that fight in Congress by fighting to eliminate the federal Department of Education. Programs like ‘No Child Left Behind’ and ‘CommonCore’ have been top-down approaches that have failed our children, and Ben will oppose any similar programs in the future. Instead, Ben supports empowering families, teachers, communities, and states in the education of our children. This includes supporting our vibrant homeschool community here in the Sixth Congressional District and ensuring that we eliminate barriers that make it harder for parents to be in control of their children’s education. 2nd Amendment Ben Cline is a staunch supporter of our 2nd Amendment Rights. He is the only candidate in this race who has been endorsed in the past by the NRA and VCDL. In addition to carrying “Constitutional Carry” legislation in Richmond, Ben opposes federal intervention in and regulation of firearms ownership, and will work tirelessly to oppose Democratic attempts to confiscate, register, or ban firearms.[18] |
” |
| —Ben Cline for Congress[19] | ||
Cynthia Dunbar
| “ |
DRAIN THE SWAMP Cynthia will fight to drain the swamp by locking in regulatory reform. TAXES & SPENDING She will fight to stop excessive spending and to enact real tax relief for hardworking Americans. PROTECT OUR RIGHTS Fight to preserve our Second Amendment rights, and our rights to free exercise and free speech. HEARTBEAT BILL She will fight to pass the Heartbeat Bill to save unborn babies.[18] |
” |
| —Cynthia Dunbar for Congress[20] | ||
February 17, 2018, candidate forum
A candidate forum was held on February 17, 2018, with seven candidates. The Roanoke Times noted each candidate's background and identified an issue or personal quality emphasized by each at the forum:[21]
| Candidate | Background | Key Issue |
|---|---|---|
| Ben Cline | Delegate in Virginia House | Balanced budget |
| Mike Desjadon | Healthcare adviser | Addressing gun violence through behavioral health |
| Cynthia Dunbar | Republican National Committee member | Strict constructionist interpretation of the Constitution |
| Chaz Haywood | Rockingham County’s circuit court clerk | Religious faith and service in the National Guard |
| Ed Justo | Lawyer in Harrisonburg | Federal budget |
| Kathryn Lewis | Small business owner in Bedford County | Described herself as "not a traditional politician" |
| Elliot Pope | Construction company owner | Federal deficit |
Campaign finance
Republicans
Endorsements
Ben Cline
- John Adams, Virginia state attorney general Republican nominee[22]
- Jerry Falwell Jr., president of Liberty University[23]
- Stuart Jolly, Trump campaign national field director[24]
- Tim Phillips, president of Americans for Prosperity[25]
- Denver Riggleman, former Republican Virginia gubernatorial candidate[26]
- Mike Rubino, Virginia state director of Trump campaign[27]
Cynthia Dunbar
- Former U.S. Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-Minn.)[28]
- Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas)[29]
- Former U.S. Rep. Ron Paul (R-Texas)[28]
- Former U.S. Rep. Allen West (R-Fla.)[28]
- Morton Blackwell, Republican National Committee member[28]
- Gene Rose, former chair of the Roanoke County Republican Committee[28]
- Ginni Thomas, founder of Liberty Consulting[30]
- Eagle Forum[28]
- Susan B. Anthony List[28]
Race ratings
| Race ratings: Virginia's 6th Congressional District election, 2018 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
| October 30, 2018 | October 23, 2018 | October 16, 2018 | October 9, 2018 | ||||||
| The Cook Political Report | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
| Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
| Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
| Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every two weeks throughout the election season. | |||||||||
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+13, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 13 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Virginia's 6th Congressional District the 100th most Republican nationally.[31]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 0.98. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 0.98 points toward that party.[32]
Pivot Counties
- See also: Pivot Counties by state
Five of 133 Virginia counties—3.8 percent—are Pivot Counties. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.
| Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| County | Trump margin of victory in 2016 | Obama margin of victory in 2012 | Obama margin of victory in 2008 | ||||
| Buckingham County, Virginia | 11.28% | 2.43% | 0.87% | ||||
| Caroline County, Virginia | 5.02% | 8.24% | 11.97% | ||||
| Essex County, Virginia | 2.14% | 7.30% | 10.35% | ||||
| Nelson County, Virginia | 5.59% | 2.72% | 9.15% | ||||
| Westmoreland County, Virginia | 7.14% | 6.95% | 10.24% | ||||
Note: Although it is highlighted in the map above, the city of Chesapeake is not considered a county and not included in our calculations as such.
In the 2016 presidential election, Virginia was a battleground state. Hillary Clinton (D) won Virginia with 49.7 percent of the vote. Donald Trump (R) received 44.4 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, Virginia voted Democratic 56.67 percent of the time and Republican 43.33 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, Virginia voted Democratic three times (2008, 2012, and 2016) and Republican two times (2000 and 2004).
State overview
Partisan control
This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Virginia heading into the 2018 elections.
Congressional delegation
- Following the 2016 elections, Democrats held both U.S. Senate seats in Virginia.
- Republicans held seven of 11 U.S. House seats in Virginia.
State executives
- As of May 2018, Democrats held four of 12 state executive positions and the remaining positions were officially nonpartisan.
- The governor of Virginia was Democrat Ralph Northam. The state held elections for governor and lieutenant governor in 2021.
State legislature
- Republicans controlled both chambers of the Virginia General Assembly. They had a 50-49 majority in the state House and a 21-19 majority in the state Senate.
Trifecta status
- Virginia was under divided government, meaning that the two parties shared control of the state government. Ralph Northam (D) served as governor, while Republicans controlled the state legislature.
2018 elections
- See also: Virginia elections, 2018
Virginia held elections for the following positions in 2018:
- One U.S. Senate seat
- 11 U.S. House seats
- One state House seat
- Municipal elections in Chesapeake, Norfolk, and Virginia Beach
Demographics
| Demographic data for Virginia | ||
|---|---|---|
| Virginia | U.S. | |
| Total population: | 8,367,587 | 316,515,021 |
| Land area (sq mi): | 39,490 | 3,531,905 |
| Race and ethnicity** | ||
| White: | 69% | 73.6% |
| Black/African American: | 19.2% | 12.6% |
| Asian: | 6% | 5.1% |
| Native American: | 0.3% | 0.8% |
| Pacific Islander: | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| Two or more: | 3.2% | 3% |
| Hispanic/Latino: | 8.6% | 17.1% |
| Education | ||
| High school graduation rate: | 88.3% | 86.7% |
| College graduation rate: | 36.3% | 29.8% |
| Income | ||
| Median household income: | $65,015 | $53,889 |
| Persons below poverty level: | 13% | 11.3% |
| Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Virginia. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. | ||
As of July 2016, Virginia's three largest cities were Virginia Beach (pop. est. 450,435), Norfolk (pop. est. 244,703), and Chesapeake (pop. est. 240,397).[33][34]
State election history
This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Virginia from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from the Virginia State Board of Elections.
Historical elections
Presidential elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Virginia every year from 2000 to 2016.
| Election results (President of the United States), Virginia 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2016 |  Hillary Clinton |
49.7% | Donald Trump |
44.4% | 5.3% |
| 2012 | Barack Obama |
51.1% | Mitt Romney |
47.2% | 3.9% |
| 2008 | Barack Obama |
52.6% | John McCain |
46.3% | 6.3% |
| 2004 | George W. Bush |
53.7% | John Kerry |
45.5% | 8.2% |
| 2000 | George W. Bush |
52.5% | Al Gore |
44.4% | 12.0% |
U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in Virginia from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.
| Election results (U.S. Senator), Virginia 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2014 | Mark Warner |
49.1% | Ed Gillespie |
48.3% | 0.8% |
| 2012 | Tim Kaine |
52.8% | George Allen |
46.9% | 5.9% |
| 2008 | Mark Warner |
65.0% | Jim Gilmore |
33.7% | 31.3% |
| 2006 | Jim Webb (Virginia) |
49.6% | George Allen |
49.2% | 0.4% |
| 2002 | John Warner |
82.6% |  Nancy B. Spannaus (Independent) |
9.7% | 72.9% |
| 2000 | George Allen |
52.3% | Chuck Robb |
47.7% | 4.6% |
Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016
This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Virginia.
| Election results (Governor), Virginia 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | First-place candidate | First-place candidate votes (%) | Second-place candidate | Second-place candidate votes (%) | Margin of victory (%) |
| 2017 | Ralph Northam |
53.9% | Ed Gillespie |
45.0% | 8.9% |
| 2013 | Terry McAuliffe |
47.8% | Ken Cuccinelli |
45.2% | 2.6% |
| 2009 | Bob McDonnell |
58.6% | Creigh Deeds |
41.3% | 17.3% |
| 2005 | Tim Kaine |
51.7% | Jerry Kilgore |
46.0% | 5.7% |
| 2001 | Mark Warner |
52.2% | Mark Earley |
47.0% | 5.2% |
Congressional delegation, 2000-2016
This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent Virginia in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.
| Congressional delegation, Virginia 2000-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Republicans | Republicans (%) | Democrats | Democrats (%) | Balance of power |
| 2016 | 7 |
63.6% | 4 |
36.4% | R+3 |
| 2014 | 8 |
72.7% | 3 |
27.3% | R+5 |
| 2012 | 8 |
72.7% | 3 |
27.3% | R+5 |
| 2010 | 8 |
72.7% | 3 |
27.3% | R+5 |
| 2008 | 5 |
45.4% | 6 |
54.5% | D+1 |
| 2006 | 8 |
72.7% | 3 |
27.3% | R+5 |
| 2004 | 8 |
72.7% | 3 |
27.3% | R+5 |
| 2002 | 8 |
72.7% | 3 |
27.3% | R+5 |
| 2000 | 7 |
50.0% | 3 |
50.0% | R+4 |
Trifectas, 1992-2017
A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.
Virginia Party Control: 1992-2025
Four years of Democratic trifectas • Four years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | D | D | D | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| House | D | D | D | D | D | D | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | D | D |
See also
- United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, 2018
- United States House elections in Virginia (June 12, 2018 Republican primaries)
- Virginia's 6th Congressional District election (June 12, 2018 Democratic primary)
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2018
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Seattle Times, "Convention selects Ben Cline as nominee for open seat in Va.," May 19, 2018
- ↑ Congressman Bob Goodlatte, "Goodlatte: It’s An Honor to Serve You," November 9, 2017
- ↑ Bearing Drift, "6th District Congressional Candidates Outraged at Lack of Transparency," March 15, 2018
- ↑ WHSV, "As convention nears, GOP turmoil persists in Virginia's Sixth District," April 24, 2018
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 The Roanoke Times, "Editorial: Both Dunbar and a mystery Democrat get an advantage," January 9, 2018
- ↑ Twitter, "Cynthia Dunbar," January 9, 2018
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Roanoke Times, "Live blog: Del. Ben Cline wins Republican nomination in 6th District," May 19, 2018
- ↑ Roanoke Times, "GOP chooses convention to pick 6th District candidate, haggles over voting rules," January 6, 2018
- ↑ The Roanoke Times, "Plurality vote rule for 6th District Republican convention gets pushback," January 20, 2018
- ↑ Twitter, "Cynthia Dunbar," January 9, 2018
- ↑ The News Virginian, "Virginia GOP overturns plurality vote to determine 6th District nominee," March 27, 2018
- ↑ Ben Cline for Congress, "Meet Ben," accessed May 10, 2018
- ↑ WHSV, "Delegate Ben Cline announces run for Goodlatte's seat in Congress," November 9, 2017
- ↑ Ben Cline for Congress, "Issues," accessed May 10, 2018
- ↑ Richmond Times-Dispatch, "Cruz secures 10 of 13 national delegates in fight at Virginia GOP convention," April 30, 3016
- ↑ WHSV, "Cynthia Dunbar running for Goodlatte's seat in Congress," November 9, 2017
- ↑ Dunbar for Congress, "Home," accessed May 10, 2018
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Ben Cline for Congress, "Issues," accessed March 13, 2018
- ↑ Cynthia Dunbar for Congress, "About," accessed March 13, 2018
- ↑ The Roanoke Times, "6th District candidates share views at forum at LU," February 18, 2018
- ↑ Ben Cline for Congress, "John Adams Endorses Ben Cline for Congress," February 8, 2018
- ↑ WSLS, "Liberty president Jerry Falwell Jr. endorses Ben Cline for Congress," November 17, 2017
- ↑ http://www.bencline.com/trump-endorsements/ Ben Cline for Congress, "Trump Team Endorsements," accessed May 10, 2018]
- ↑ Ben Cline for Congress, "Tim Phillips, President of Americans for Prosperity* Endorses Ben Cline," accessed May 10, 2018
- ↑ Ben Cline for Congress, "Denver Riggleman Endorses Ben Cline for Congress," January 23, 2018
- ↑ Augusta Free Press, "Former Trump Virginia director endorses Ben Cline for Congress in Sixth District," January 30, 2018
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 https://www.dunbarforcongress.com/endorsements/ Dunbar for Congress, "Endorsements," accessed May 10, 2018]
- ↑ Augusta Free Press, "Ted Cruz endorses Cynthia Dunbar for Congress in Sixth District," January 23, 2018
- ↑ Augusta Free Press, "Ginni Thomas endorses Cynthia Dunbar for Congress in Sixth District," February 7, 2018
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
- ↑ Virginia Demographics, "Virginia Cities by Population," accessed September 3, 2018
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "Quickfacts Virginia," accessed September 3, 2018
