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Maine State Senate

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Maine State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Republican
Session start:   December 4, 2024
Session end:   March 21, 2025
Term length:   2 years
Term limits:   4 terms (8 years)
Redistricting:  Legislative control
Salary:   $16,245.12 for the first regular session. $11,668.32 for the second regular session. + per diem
Members
Total:  35
Democrats:  20
Republicans:  15
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   TBD (D)
Maj. Leader:   TBD (D)
Min. Leader:   Harold Stewart (R)
Elections
Last election:  November 8, 2016
Next election:  November 6, 2018

The Maine State Senate is the upper house of the Maine Legislature. The Senate consists of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state. Unlike the Maine House of Representatives, the Senate does not set aside non-voting seats for Native tribes. Members of the Maine State Senate serve two-year terms with term limits.[1] Each member represented an average of 37,953 residents, as of the 2010 Census.[2] After the 2000 Census, each member represented 36,426 residents.[3]

The Senate meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.

Maine has a Democratic state government trifecta. A trifecta exists when one political party simultaneously holds the governor’s office and majorities in both state legislative chambers. As of September 25, 2025, there are 23 Republican trifectas, 14 Democratic trifectas, and 13 divided governments where neither party holds trifecta control.

In the 2020 election, Republicans had a net gain of two trifectas and two states under divided government became trifectas. Prior to that election, Maine had a Democratic trifecta. There were 21 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 14 divided governments.

See also: Maine State Legislature, Maine House of Representatives, Maine Governor

Sessions

Article IV, Part Third of the Maine Constitution establishes when the Maine State Legislature, of which the Senate is a part, is to be in session. Section 1 of the Part states that, following a legislative election, the Legislature is to convene its first regular session on the first Wednesday of December. The second regular session of the legislature is to convene in the next even-numbered year. This second session is to convene on the first Wednesday after the first Tuesday in January. Section 1 also instructs the Legislature to enact statutory limits on the length of its regular sessions.

Section 1 also establishes the procedures for convening special sessions of the Legislature. A special session can be convened by the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House, with the consent of a majority of legislators from each political party.

2025

See also: 2025 Maine legislative session and Dates of 2025 state legislative sessions

In 2025, the legislature was scheduled to convene on December 4, 2024, and adjourn on March 21, 2025.


Role in state budget

See also: Maine state budget and finances
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The state operates on a biennial budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[20]

  1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in July of the year preceding the start of the new biennium.
  2. State agencies submit their budget requests by September 1.
  3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature in January. This deadline is extended to February for a newly elected governor.
  4. The legislature adopts a budget by 30 days prior to its adjournment. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The biennium begins on July 1.

Maine is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[20][21]

The governor is legally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the state legislature is legally required to pass a balanced budget.[20]

Cost-benefit analyses

See also: Pew-MacArthur Results First Initiative Cost-Benefit Study
Map showing results of the Pew-MacArthur cost-benefit study

The Pew-MacArthur Results First Initiative is a joint project of the Pew Charitable Trusts and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation that works to partner with states in implementing cost-benefit analysis models.[22]. The initiative released a report in July 2013 concluding that cost-benefit analysis in policymaking led to more effective uses of public funds. Looking at data from 2008 through 2011, the study's authors found that some states were more likely to use cost-benefit analysis, while others were facing challenges and lagging behind the rest of the nation. The challenges states faced included a lack of time, money, and technical skills needed to conduct comprehensive cost-benefit analyses. Maine was one of 29 states with mixed results regarding the frequency and effectiveness of its use of cost-benefit analysis.[23]

Ethics and transparency

Following the Money report

See also: "Following the Money" report, 2014

The U.S. Public Interest Research Group, a consumer-focused nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., released its annual report on state transparency websites in April 2014. The report, entitled "Following the Money," measured the transparency and accountability of state websites with regard to state government spending.[24] According to the report, Maine received a grade of C+ and a numerical score of 76, indicating that Maine was middling in terms of transparency regarding state spending.[24]

Open States Transparency

See also: Open States' Legislative Data Report Card

The Sunlight Foundation released an "Open Legislative Data Report Card" in March 2013. Maine was given a grade of D in the report. The report card evaluated how adequate, complete, and accessible legislative data was to the general public. A total of 10 states received an A: Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Kansas, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Washington.[25]

Elections

2018

See also: Maine State Senate elections, 2018

Elections for the Maine State Senate took place in 2018. The closed primary election took place on June 12, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The major party candidate filing deadline was March 15, 2018, and the third-party and independent candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2018.[26]

2016

See also: Maine State Senate elections, 2016

Elections for the Maine State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on June 14, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was March 15, 2016.[27]

All 35 seats in the Maine State Senate were up for election in 2016. Democrats gained two seats in the November 2016 general election.

2014

See also: Maine State Senate elections, 2014

Elections for the Maine State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 10, 2014, and a general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for party candidates wishing to run in this election was March 17, 2014. The deadline for write-in candidates to run in the primary election was April 28, 2014, and the deadline for non-party candidates to run in the general election was June 2, 2014.

2012

See also: Maine State Senate elections, 2012

Elections for the office of Maine State Senate were held on November 6, 2012. A total of 35 seats were up for election. The signature filing deadline was March 15, 2012.

Maine state senators are subject to term limits and may serve no more than four two-year terms. In 2012, 10 state senators were termed-out.

The following table details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6 general election.

2010

See also: Maine State Senate elections, 2010

Elections for the office of Maine State Senate were held in Maine on November 2, 2010. The signature-filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in these elections was March 15 at 5 p.m. for partisan candidates and June 1 at 5 p.m. for independent and unenrolled candidates. The primary election was held on June 8, 2010.

Maine's state senators are elected to four-year terms. They are subject to term limits of no more than two consecutive four-year terms.

In 2010, the candidates running for state Senate raised a total of $1,988,888 in campaign contributions. The top 10 donors were:[28]

2008

See also: Maine State Senate elections, 2008

Elections for the office of Maine State Senate consisted of a primary election on June 10, 2008, and a general election on November 4, 2008.

During the 2008 election, the total of contributions to Senate candidates was $1,854,105. The top 10 contributors were:[29]

2006

See also: Maine State Senate elections, 2006

Elections for the office of Maine State Senate consisted of a primary election on June 13, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006.

During the 2006 election, the total of contributions to Senate candidates was $1,990,662. The top 10 contributors were:[30]

2004

See also: Maine State Senate elections, 2004

Elections for the office of Maine State Senate consisted of a primary election on June 8, 2004, and a general election on November 2, 2004.

During the 2004 election, the total of contributions to Senate candidates was $2,095,278. The top 10 contributors were:[31]

2002

See also: Maine State Senate elections, 2002

Elections for the office of Maine State Senate consisted of a primary election on June 11, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002.

During the 2002 election, the total of contributions to Senate candidates was $1,323,033. The top 10 contributors were:[32]

2000

See also: Maine State Senate elections, 2000

Elections for the office of Maine State Senate consisted of a primary election on June 13, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000.

During the 2000 election, the total of contributions to Senate candidates was $1,368,281. The top 10 contributors were:[33]

Qualifications

Section 6 of Part 2 of Article 4 of the Maine Constitution states, "The Senators shall be 25 years of age at the commencement of the term, for which they are elected, and in all other respects their qualifications shall be the same as those of the Representatives."

Section 4 of Part 1 of Article 4 of the Maine Constitution states, "Qualifications; residency requirement. No person shall be a member of the House of Representatives, unless the person shall, at the commencement of the period for which the person is elected, have been 5 years a citizen of the United States, have arrived at the age of 21 years, have been a resident in this State one year; and for the 3 months next preceding the time of this person's election shall have been, and, during the period for which elected, shall continue to be a resident in the district which that person represents."

Vacancies

See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures
How vacancies are filled in state legislatures
NevadaMassachusettsColoradoNew MexicoWyomingArizonaMontanaCaliforniaOregonWashingtonIdahoTexasOklahomaKansasNebraskaSouth DakotaNorth DakotaMinnesotaIowaMissouriArkansasLouisianaMississippiAlabamaGeorgiaFloridaSouth CarolinaIllinoisWisconsinTennesseeNorth CarolinaIndianaOhioKentuckyPennsylvaniaNew JerseyNew YorkVermontVermontNew HampshireMaineWest VirginiaVirginiaMarylandMarylandConnecticutConnecticutDelawareDelawareRhode IslandRhode IslandMassachusettsNew HampshireMichiganMichiganAlaskaVacancy fulfillment map.png

If there is a vacancy in the senate, a special election must be held to fill the vacant seat.[34][35] The Governor must call for an election and allow all political committees representing the vacant seat to set all deadlines.[36][34][35] The person elected to the seat serves for the remainder of the unexpired term.[37]

Term limits

See also: State legislatures with term limits

The Maine legislature is one of 15 state legislatures with term limits. Voters enacted the Maine Term Limits Act in 1993. That initiative said that Maine senators are subject to term limits of no more than four two-year terms, or a total of eight years.

The first year that the term limits enacted in 1993 impacted the ability of incumbents to run for office was in 1996.[1]

Senators

Salaries

See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
State legislative salaries, 2024[38]
SalaryPer diem
$16,245.12 for the first regular session. $11,668.32 for the second regular session.$70/day for lodging (or round-trip mileage up to $0.55/mile in lieu of housing, plus tolls). $50/day for meals.

Partisan composition

See also: Partisan composition of state senates
Party As of September 2025
     Democratic Party 20
     Republican Party 15
     Other 0
     Vacancies 0
Total 35

The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Maine State Senate from 1992 to 2013.
Partisan composition of the Maine State Senate.PNG

Leadership

The President of the Senate is elected by the full body. The President is the presiding officer, whose duties include appointing all committees and a President Pro Tempore, enforce order, and vote in all cases. The President Pro Tempore serves as presiding officer when the President is absent.[39][40]

Current leadership

When sworn in

See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

Maine legislators assume office after the first Wednesday in December after their election.

Current members

Current members, Maine State Senate (35)
District Senator Party Assumed office
1 Troy Dale Jackson Democratic 2016
2 Michael Carpenter Democratic 2016
3 Rodney Whittemore Republican 2010
4 Paul T. Davis Republican 2014
5 James Dill Democratic 2014
6 Joyce Maker Republican 2016
7 Brian Langley Republican 2010
8 Kimberley Rosen Republican 2014
9 Geoffrey Gratwick Democratic 2012
10 Andre Cushing Republican 2012
11 Michael Thibodeau Republican 2010
12 David Miramant Democratic 2014
13 Dana Dow Republican 2016
14 Shenna Bellows Democratic 2016
15 Roger Katz Republican 2010
16 Scott Cyrway Republican 2014
17 Thomas Saviello Republican 2010
18 Lisa Keim Republican 2016
19 James Hamper Republican 2012
20 Eric Brakey Republican 2014
21 Nathan Libby Democratic 2014
22 Garrett Mason Republican 2010
23 Eloise Vitelli Democratic 2016
24 Everett Carson Democratic 2016
25 Cathy Breen Democratic 2015
26 William Diamond Democratic 2014
27 Benjamin Chipman Democratic 2016
28 Mark Dion Democratic 2016
29 Rebecca Millett Democratic 2012
30 Amy Volk Republican 2014
31 Justin Chenette Democratic 2016
32 Susan Deschambault Democratic 2016
33 David Woodsome Republican 2014
34 Ronald Collins Republican 2010
35 Dawn Hill Democratic 2010

Veto overrides

Veto Override Graphic-No party.png

See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Maine are listed below.

How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members present in both chambers.

Two-thirds of members present in both chambers must vote to override a veto. If all members are in attendance, this is 101 of the 151 members in the Maine House of Representatives and 24 of the 35 members in the Maine State Senate. Maine is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

Authority: Article IV, Part Third, Section 2 of the Maine Constitution.

"Every bill or resolution, having the force of law, to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary, except on a question of adjournment, which shall have passed both Houses, shall be presented to the Governor, and if the Governor approves, the Governor shall sign it; if not, the Governor shall return it with objections to the House in which it shall have originated, which shall enter the objections at large on its journals, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration, 2/3 of that House shall agree to pass it, it shall be sent together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall be reconsidered, and, if approved by 2/3 of that House, it shall have the same effect as if it had been signed by the Governor; but in all such cases, the votes of both Houses shall be taken by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons, voting for and against the bill or resolution, shall be entered on the journals of both Houses respectively."

Standing committees

There are five Senate Standing Committees:

History

Partisan balance 1992-2013

Who Runs the States Project
See also: Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States and Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States, Maine
Partisan breakdown of the Maine legislature from 1992-2013

From 1992-2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Maine State Senate for 16 years while the Republicans were the majority for four years.

Across the country, there were 541 Democratic and 517 Republican state senates from 1992 to 2013.

Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.

The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Maine, the Maine State Senate and the Maine House of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.

Partisan composition of Maine state government(1992-2013).PNG

SQLI and partisanship

To read the full report on the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI) in PDF form, click here.

The chart below depicts the partisanship of the Maine state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. Between 1992 and 2002, the state experienced divided government until electing a Democratic trifecta, which occurred between 2003 and 2011. For two years (2011 and 2012), the state had a Republican trifecta before reverting back to divided government. Maine hit the bottom-10 in the SQLI ranking in 2006 and 2007 (42nd and 45th, respectively). Its highest ranking in the SQLI ranking occurred in 2012 (27th) under a Republican trifecta. The state rose seven points in the SQLI ranking between the years 2010 and 2011.

  • SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: 38.38
  • SQLI average with Republican trifecta: 28.00
  • SQLI average with divided government: 33.73
Chart displaying the partisanship of Maine government from 1992-2013 and the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI).

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 ncsl.org, "Chart of Term Limits States," accessed December 16, 2013
  2. U.S. Census Bureau, "Population Distribution and Change: 2000 to 2010," April 2011
  3. U.S. Census Bureau, "States Ranked by Population," April 2, 2001
  4. Bangor Daily News, "A busy two days are coming in Augusta. Maine’s coronavirus response will be the topic." March 16, 2020
  5. pressherald.com, "New state budget sends more money to public schools in Maine," July 5, 2017
  6. pressherald.com, "State workers bracing for worst as threat of a shutdown looms," June 22, 2017
  7. pressherald.com, "Legislature votes to extend session to try to resolve budget impasse," June 21, 2017
  8. Press Herald, "As session ends, Legislature overrides LePage veto, raising legal age for tobacco to 21," August 2, 2017
  9. Maine Public Broadcasting, "Maine Democrats and Republicans Lay out Priorities for Upcoming Legislative Session," December 23, 2014
  10. Maine State Legislature, "126th Legislature: 2012 - 2014," accessed February 11, 2021
  11. Maine Legislature, "126th Legislature: 2012 - 2014," accessed February 11, 2021
  12. Legislative Information Office, "LD 1279," accessed February 11, 2021
  13. CentralMaine.com, "Maine House vote kills bill to elect top state officials," June 4, 2013
  14. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bangor
  15. Maine State Legislature, "Proposed Constitutional Legislation 1820 -," accessed February 11, 2021
  16. Bangor Daily News, "Maine lawmakers return Wednesday for 2012 session," January 3, 2012
  17. Maine.gov, 125th Legislature Session Schedule, accessed February 11, 2021
  18. Bangor Daily News, State lawmakers headed home but only for 12 days, June 16, 2011
  19. Stateline, "Conservative budget becomes law in all-GOP Maine," June 21, 2011 (Archived)
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
  21. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
  22. Pew Charitable Trusts, "State Work," accessed June 6, 2014
  23. Pew Charitable Trusts, "States’ Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis," July 29, 2013
  24. 24.0 24.1 U.S. Public Interest Research Group, "Following the Money 2014 Report," accessed April 15, 2014
  25. Sunlight Foundation, "Ten Principles for Opening Up Government Information," accessed June 16, 2013
  26. Maine.gov, "Upcoming Elections," accessed December 22, 2017
  27. Politics1.com, "Maine," archived December 31, 2015
  28. Follow the Money, "Maine 2010 - Candidates," accessed August 19, 2014
  29. Follow the Money, "Maine 2008 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
  30. Follow the Money, "Maine 2006 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
  31. Follow the Money, "Maine 2004 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
  32. Follow the Money, "Maine 2002 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
  33. Follow the Money, "Maine 2000 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
  34. 34.0 34.1 Maine Legislature, "Maine Election Law," accessed December 16, 2013(Referenced Statute 21A-381)
  35. 35.0 35.1 Maine Legislature, "Maine Election Law," accessed December 16, 2013(Referenced Statute 21A-382)
  36. Maine Legislature, "Constitution of Maine," accessed December 16, 2013 (Referenced Section Article IV, Section 5)
  37. Maine Legislature, "Maine Election Law," accessed December 16, 2013 (Referenced Statute 21A-361)
  38. National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
  39. Maine Legislature, "Senate Rules," December 5, 2012
  40. Maine Legislature, "Senate Leadership," accessed August 19, 2014


Current members of the Maine State Senate
Leadership
Senate President:Matthea Daughtry
Majority Leader:Teresa Pierce
Senators
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
District 9
District 10
District 11
District 12
District 13
District 14
District 15
District 16
District 17
District 18
District 19
District 20
District 21
District 22
District 23
District 24
District 25
District 26
District 27
District 28
District 29
District 30
District 31
District 32
District 33
District 34
District 35
Democratic Party (20)
Republican Party (15)