Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2024
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Alabama's 1st Congressional District |
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Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
Election details |
Filing deadline: November 10, 2023 |
Primary: March 5, 2024 Primary runoff: April 16, 2024 General: November 5, 2024 |
How to vote |
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Voting in Alabama |
Race ratings |
DDHQ and The Hill: Safe Republican Inside Elections: Solid Republican Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Republican |
Ballotpedia analysis |
U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024 |
See also |
1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th Alabama elections, 2024 U.S. Congress elections, 2024 U.S. Senate elections, 2024 U.S. House elections, 2024 |
All U.S. House districts, including the 1st Congressional District of Alabama, held elections in 2024. The general election was November 5, 2024. The primary was March 5, 2024, and a primary runoff was April 16, 2024. The filing deadline was November 10, 2023.
Ballotpedia identified the March 5, 2024, Republican primary as a battleground primary. For more on the Republican primary, click here.
The outcome of this race affected the partisan balance of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 119th Congress. All 435 House districts were up for election.
At the time of the election, Republicans held a 220-212 majority with three vacancies.[1] As a result of the election, Republicans retained control of the U.S. House, winning 220 seats to Democrats' 215.[2] To read more about the 2024 U.S. House elections, click here.
In the 2022 election in this district, the Republican candidate won 83.6%-15.7%. Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Donald Trump (R) would have defeated Joe Biden (D) 74.7%-24.3%.[3]
Alabama conducted redistricting between the 2022 and 2024 elections. As a result, district lines in this state changed. To review how redistricting took place in Alabama and to see maps of the new districts, click here. For a list of all states that drew new district lines between 2022 and 2024, click here.
For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:
- Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2024 (March 5 Democratic primary)
- Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2024 (March 5 Republican primary)
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Incumbent Barry Moore defeated Tom Holmes in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Barry Moore (R) | 78.4 | 258,619 |
![]() | Tom Holmes (D) ![]() | 21.5 | 70,929 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 0.1 | 306 |
Total votes: 329,854 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary election
The Democratic primary election was canceled. Tom Holmes advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Gary Johnson (D)
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Incumbent Barry Moore defeated incumbent Jerry Carl in the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on March 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Barry Moore | 51.7 | 53,956 |
Jerry Carl | 48.3 | 50,312 |
Total votes: 104,268 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Nathan Woodring (R)
Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: Yes
Political Office:
- United States House of Representatives - Alabama District 2 (Assumed office: 2021)
- Alabama House of Representatives - District 91 (2010-2018)
Biography: Moore received a B.S. in agricultural science from Auburn University. He founded Barry Moore Industries, a company specializing in roll off container rentals, portable restrooms, and demolition.
Show sources
Sources: Barry Moore For Congress, "Congressman Barry Moore Announces Candidacy for Home District, AL-01," October 31, 2023, Barry Moore Republican For Congress, "Home," accessed December 14, 2023; Barry Moore Republican For Congress, "Home," accessed December 14, 2023, BMI, "Services," accessed December 14, 2023
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Alabama District 1 in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "I was born in Mobile, educated in Mobile County Public Schools, and graduated from Murphy High School. I received a B.A. degree from University of Mobile, a graduate degree from Jacksonville (Alabama) State University in Public Administration, and completed graduate studies in Public Administration at Auburn University. I am a U.S. Navy veteran, with service during the Vietnam War era. I worked in the Mobile County Probate Court and was social studies teacher, Murphy High School and Dunbar Junior High School. I was district executive, Mobile Area Council, Boy Scouts of America. I was personnel development specialist, East Alabama Planning Commission (Anniston) and nutrition coordinator and area agency on aging director, Birmingham Regional Planning Commission. I joined the State of Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs (Montgomery) as a state plans coordinator and served as Chief, Technology Section, Science and Technology Division. I was administrative assistant and executive assistant for Governor Fob James. I was executive director/CEO, The Arc of Alabama and Board President, The Arc of Mobile County, advocating for the rights of people with intellectual/developmental disabilities and their families. I am an Eagle Scout and BSA Troop 3 Leader, and member, Cottage Hill Civitan Club, Mobile County Democratic Executive Committee, and Alabama Arise. I am a licensed lay preacher and lay eucharistic minister at Trinity Episcopal Church."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Alabama District 1 in 2024.
Voting information
- See also: Voting in Alabama
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
Survey responses from candidates in this race
Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
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Tom Holmes (D)
Voting Rights. Every citizen's vote should be heard at the ballot box. I support ways to improve voter participation, including absentee voting, curbside voting for seniors and those with disabilities, and easing burdensome restrictions on voter ID aimed at limiting minority voter participation. The Voting Rights Act should be re-established and strengthened. I strongly support the fair and independent drawing of state and federal legislative districts and the elimination of partisan or racial gerrymandering for fair elections.
Immigration. Our country's immigration laws are inadequate and are not working. Members of Congress should work with the President to address effective changes to our laws. Every immigrant should be treated with dignity and respect and be entitled to due process under our laws. In addition, adequate holding facilities should be provided and funded without the need to separate families and children.

Tom Holmes (D)
Equality. I respect the dignity of every human being. Every American, no matter their race, creed, color, gender, disability, religion, or sexual orientation, is entitled to equal respect and treatment before the law.
Education. Quality public education is the bedrock of American society and the foundation of our nation's future leaders. I will work for a public education system that recruits, trains, and retains the best K-12 public school personnel.
Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)
Abiding by the laws of the United States and the State of Alabama.
Respecting the dignity of every human being.
Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)
Developing new resources of renewable energy and increasing consumers' use of renewable energy. Addressing the increasing power and influence of Russia and China.
Maintaining positive international relations with Ukraine, our NATO allies, our allies in the Middle East, and Israel.
Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)

Tom Holmes (D)
Campaign finance
Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jerry Carl | Republican Party | $2,246,839 | $2,631,447 | $69,290 | As of December 31, 2024 |
Barry Moore | Republican Party | $1,130,187 | $1,467,853 | $125,132 | As of December 31, 2024 |
Tom Holmes | Democratic Party | $17,699 | $16,818 | $410 | As of December 31, 2024 |
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2024. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
General election race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[4]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[5][6][7]
Race ratings: Alabama's 1st Congressional District election, 2024 | |||||||||
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Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
November 5, 2024 | October 29, 2024 | October 22, 2024 | October 15, 2024 | ||||||
The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
Decision Desk HQ and The Hill | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week. |
Ballot access requirements
The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in Alabama in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Alabama, click here.
Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2024 | ||||||
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State | Office | Party | Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source |
Alabama | U.S. House | Ballot-qualified party | N/A | Fixed by party | 11/10/2023 | Source |
Alabama | U.S. House | Unaffiliated | 3% of all votes cast for governor in the district in the last election | N/A | 3/5/2024 | Source |
District analysis
Click the tabs below to view information about voter composition, past elections, and demographics in both the district and the state.
- District map - A map of the district before and after redistricting ahead of the 2024 election.
- Competitiveness - Information about the competitiveness of 2024 U.S. House elections in the state.
- Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the district and the state.
- State party control - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
Below is the district map used in the 2022 election next to the map in place for the 2024 election. Click on a map below to enlarge it.
2022

2024

This section contains data on U.S. House primary election competitiveness in Alabama.
Alabama U.S. House competitiveness, 2014-2024 | ||||||||||||||
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Year | Districts/ offices |
Seats | Open seats | Candidates | Possible primaries | Contested Democratic primaries | Contested Republican primaries | % of contested primaries | Incumbents in contested primaries | % of incumbents in contested primaries | ||||
2024 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 36 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 57.1% | 6 | 85.7% | ||||
2022 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 21 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 35.7% | 1 | 16.7% | ||||
2020 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 25 | 14 | 2 | 3 | 35.7% | 1 | 20.0% | ||||
2018 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 23 | 14 | 4 | 3 | 50.0% | 3 | 42.9% | ||||
2016 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 16 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 28.6% | 4 | 57.1% | ||||
2014 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 20 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 28.6% | 3 | 50.0% |
Post-filing deadline analysis
The following analysis covers all U.S. House districts up for election in Alabama in 2024. Information below was calculated on 1/10/2024, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
Thirty-six candidates filed to run for Alabama's seven U.S. House districts, including 15 Democrats and 21 Republicans. That's 5.14 candidates per district, more than in the previous three election cycles. There were 3.14 candidates per district in 2022, 3.57 candidates per district in 2020, and 3.28 in 2018.
This was the first election to take place under new district lines that a three-judge panel of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama approved on Oct. 5, 2023. The 36 candidates who filed to run this year were a decade-high. Twenty-one candidates ran in 2022, 25 in 2020, 23 in 2018, 16 in 2016, 20 in 2014, and 23 in 2012.
Two incumbents—Reps. Jerry Carl (R) and Barry Moore (R)—filed to run against each other in the redrawn 1st congressional district. Carl was the incumbent in the 1st district, and Moore was the incumbent in the 2nd congressional district.
Partisan Voter Index
Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+28. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 28 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Alabama's 1st the 7th most Republican district nationally.[8]
2020 presidential election results
The table below shows what the vote in the 2020 presidential election would have been in this district. The presidential election data was compiled by Daily Kos.
2020 presidential results in Alabama's 1st based on 2024 district lines | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Joe Biden ![]() |
Donald Trump ![]() | |||
24.3% | 74.7% |
Inside Elections Baselines
- See also: Inside Elections
Inside Elections' Baseline is a figure that analyzes all federal and statewide election results from the district over the past four election cycles. The results are combined in an index estimating the strength of a typical Democratic or Republican candidate in the congressional district.[9] The table below displays the Baseline data for this district.
Inside Elections Baseline for 2024 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Baseline ![]() |
Republican Baseline ![]() |
Difference | ||
24.7 | 75.0 | R+50.3 |
Presidential voting history
- See also: Presidential election in Alabama, 2020
Alabama presidential election results (1900-2020)
- 16 Democratic wins
- 13 Republican wins
- 2 other wins
Congressional delegation
The table below displays the partisan composition of Alabama's congressional delegation as of May 2024.
Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Alabama | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
Democratic | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Republican | 2 | 6 | 8 |
Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vacancies | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2 | 7 | 9 |
State executive
The table below displays the officeholders in Alabama's top four state executive offices as of May 2024.
State executive officials in Alabama, May 2024 | |
---|---|
Office | Officeholder |
Governor | ![]() |
Lieutenant Governor | ![]() |
Secretary of State | ![]() |
Attorney General | ![]() |
State legislature
Alabama State Senate
Party | As of February 2024 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 8 | |
Republican Party | 27 | |
Other | 0 | |
Vacancies | 0 | |
Total | 35 |
Alabama House of Representatives
Party | As of February 2024 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 28 | |
Republican Party | 75 | |
Other | 0 | |
Vacancies | 2 | |
Total | 105 |
Trifecta control
The table below shows the state's trifecta status from 1992 until the 2024 election.
Alabama Party Control: 1992-2024
Six years of Democratic trifectas • Fourteen years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
District history
The section below details election results for this office in elections dating back to 2018.
2022
General election
General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Incumbent Jerry Carl defeated Alexander Remrey in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Jerry Carl (R) | 83.6 | 140,592 | |
![]() | Alexander Remrey (L) ![]() | 15.7 | 26,369 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 0.7 | 1,189 |
Total votes: 168,150 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Republican primary election
The Republican primary election was canceled. Incumbent Jerry Carl advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1.
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Peter Alcorn (R)
2020
General election
General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Jerry Carl defeated James Averhart in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Jerry Carl (R) | 64.4 | 211,825 | |
![]() | James Averhart (D) ![]() | 35.5 | 116,949 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 0.1 | 301 |
Total votes: 329,075 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary runoff election
Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1
James Averhart defeated Kiani Gardner in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on July 14, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | James Averhart ![]() | 56.7 | 15,840 |
![]() | Kiani Gardner | 43.3 | 12,102 |
Total votes: 27,942 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Republican primary runoff election
Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Jerry Carl defeated Bill Hightower in the Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on July 14, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Jerry Carl | 52.3 | 44,421 | |
![]() | Bill Hightower | 47.7 | 40,552 |
Total votes: 84,973 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Kiani Gardner and James Averhart advanced to a runoff. They defeated Frederick Collins in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on March 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Kiani Gardner | 44.1 | 22,962 |
✔ | ![]() | James Averhart ![]() | 40.3 | 21,022 |
![]() | Frederick Collins ![]() | 15.6 | 8,119 |
Total votes: 52,103 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Jerry Carl and Bill Hightower advanced to a runoff. They defeated Chris Pringle, Wes Lambert, and John Castorani in the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on March 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Jerry Carl | 38.7 | 38,490 | |
✔ | ![]() | Bill Hightower | 37.5 | 37,283 |
![]() | Chris Pringle | 19.2 | 19,126 | |
![]() | Wes Lambert | 3.1 | 3,102 | |
![]() | John Castorani | 1.5 | 1,468 |
Total votes: 99,469 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
2018
General election
General election for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Incumbent Bradley Byrne defeated Robert Kennedy Jr. in the general election for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Bradley Byrne (R) | 63.2 | 153,228 |
![]() | Robert Kennedy Jr. (D) | 36.8 | 89,226 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 0.1 | 163 |
Total votes: 242,617 (100.00% precincts reporting) | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Robert Kennedy Jr. defeated Lizzetta Hill McConnell in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Robert Kennedy Jr. | 80.7 | 27,651 |
![]() | Lizzetta Hill McConnell | 19.3 | 6,592 |
Total votes: 34,243 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1
Incumbent Bradley Byrne advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Alabama District 1 on June 5, 2018.
Candidate | ||
✔ | ![]() | Bradley Byrne |
![]() | ||||
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See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ A majority in the U.S. House when there are no vacancies is 218 seats.
- ↑ These figures include the seat of Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.), who resigned on Nov. 13, 2024, after winning re-election.
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed January 10, 2024
- ↑ Inside Elections, "Methodology: Inside Elections’ Baseline by Congressional District," December 8, 2023
- ↑ Although he was not on the ballot, Harry F. Byrd (D) won six unpledged electoral votes in Alabama's 1960 election against Richard Nixon (R) and Democratic Party nominee John F. Kennedy. Kennedy won Alabama's popular vote and received five electoral votes.
- ↑ States' Rights Democratic Party
- ↑ American Independent Party