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Massachusetts Secretary of State election, 2022 (September 6 Democratic primary)

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Massachusetts Secretary of State
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Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: June 7, 2022
Primary: September 6, 2022
General: November 8, 2022
Pre-election incumbent(s):
William Galvin (Democratic)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Voting in Massachusetts
Ballotpedia analysis
Federal and state primary competitiveness
State executive elections in 2022
Impact of term limits in 2022
State government trifectas
State government triplexes
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2022
Massachusetts
executive elections
Governor

Lieutenant Governor
Attorney General
Secretary of State
Treasurer
Auditor
Governor's Council (8 seats)

Incumbent William Galvin defeated Tanisha Sullivan in the Democratic primary for Massachusetts secretary of state on September 6, 2022. Galvin was first elected secretary of state in 1994 and won re-election in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018. Galvin faced Rayla Campbell—who was unopposed in the Republican primary—in the general election for secretary of state on November 8, 2022.

Prior to being elected secretary of state, Galvin worked at a car dealership, as an aide on the Massachusetts Governor’s Council, and served as a state Representative.[1] He had faced Democratic primary opposition in two previous re-election campaigns—defeating John Bonifaz, 83% to 17%, in 2006 and Josh Zakim, 67% to 33%, in 2018.[2] Matt Stout of the Boston Globe wrote in April 2022 that Galvin was "the only incumbent Democratic secretary of state being targeted within his own party."[3]

Galvin had said his experience was important given the increased focus on elections, saying to the Boston Globe, “This is a critical time for democracy. That’s why I think I can provide a unique service. Probably the biggest shift is the national climate, the importance of elections. I believe I can continue to do it effectively. I don’t believe anyone else can [do it as well] at this point.”[4]

Sullivan's professional experience included serving as the Chief Equity Office for Boston Public Schools, president of the Boston Branch of the NAACP, a corporate counsel for Sanofi Genzyme, and a fellow for CEO Action for Racial Equity. Before the primary, she said she would do more to promote voting among minority communities, saying at the state party convention, "Despite record voter turnout in 2020, hear me on this, voters from some of our most vulnerable communities still saw the lowest voter turnout across Massachusetts, leaving behind far too many voices...Simply put, Massachusetts needs a secretary of state who fights on the ground with us every day, fighting for the democracy we deserve."[5]

In June 2022, Sullivan received the Democratic Party's official endorsement with the support of 62.4% of delegates at the state convention. According to Colin A. Young of the State House News Service, Sullivan "was supported by more than 2,500 delegates while Galvin was backed by about 1,500 delegates."[5] After the convention, Young wrote that "Galvin has lost at the party convention but then prevailed in the party primary three times previously: in 1990 when he ran for treasurer; in 1994 when he first ran for secretary of state; and in 2018 when the upstart campaign of Josh Zakim won the party's endorsement before being crushed by Galvin when the contest extended beyond the most hardcore party insiders."[5]

Prior to the 2022 elections, the last Republican that served as secretary of state in Massachusetts was Frederick Cook, who left office in 1949.[6]

The secretary of state is a state-level position in 47 of the 50 states. The position does not exist in Alaska, Hawaii and Utah. Voters directly elect the secretary of state in 35 states. In the other 12, the secretary is appointed by either the governor or the state legislature. Although the duties and powers of the secretary of state vary from state to state, a common responsibility is management and oversight of elections and voter rolls, which are assigned to the secretary of state in 41 states. Other common responsibilities include registration of businesses, maintenance of state records, and certification of official documents.

There were 27 secretary of state seats on the ballot in 2022. There were 13 Republican-held secretary of state offices, 13 Democratic-held secretary of state offices, and one independent office on the ballot in 2022.

Tanisha Sullivan (D) completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Click on a candidate's name to view that candidate's responses.

This page focuses on Massachusetts' Secretary of State Democratic primary. For more in-depth information on the state's Republican primary and the general election, see the following pages:

HOTP-Dem-Ad-1-small.png

Election News

  • August 26, 2022: Advantage, Inc. released a poll of 563 likely voters showing William Galvin with 55%, Tanisha Sullivan with 14%, and 31% undecided. The margin of error was ± 3.6 percentage points.[7]
  • August 16, 2022: The MassINC Polling Group released a poll of 520 likely voters showing William Galvin with 43%, Tanisha Sullivan with 15%, and 42% undecided or supporting some other candidate. The margin of error was ± 4 percentage points.[8]
  • June 23, 2022: The University of Massachusetts-Amherst and WCVB released a poll of 557 likely voters showing William Galvin with 35%, Tanisha Sullivan with 21%, and 44% undecided. The margin of error was ± 3.5 percentage points.[9]

Candidates and election results

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Massachusetts Secretary of State

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of William Galvin
William Galvin
 
70.1
 
524,947
Image of Tanisha Sullivan
Tanisha Sullivan Candidate Connection
 
29.8
 
223,420
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.1
 
602

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 748,969
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Candidate comparison

Candidate profiles

This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.

William Galvin

Image of William Galvin

WebsiteFacebookTwitter

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: Yes

Political Office: 


Biography:  Galvin received a bachelor's degree from Boston College and a J.D. from Suffolk University Law School. He won a special election to a seat in the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1975, where he served until 1990. Galvin was first elected secretary of the commonwealth in 1994 and was re-elected six times as of the primary.


Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

Galvin highlighted his experience on his campaign website, saying that as "the Commonwealth’s chief elections official, Secretary Galvin has a proven record of running fair, accurate, and secure elections. Secretary Galvin has been a supporter of Election Day registration and has been a strong advocate for the passage of the Votes Act, which would make 'no excuse' Vote by Mail permanent in Massachusetts."

Galvin said the state had accurate census counts due to his oversight of the process since 1990: "With the latest Census count in 2020, Secretary Galvin’s efforts to mobilize communities around counting efforts allowed for Massachusetts to have a record breaking population count with a particular focus on ensuring immigrant communities and persons of color were accurately accounted for."

Galvin said he has fought against financial fraud as the state's chief financial regulator, saying he "has routinely stood up for the most vulnerable investors and savers by pursuing enforcement actions against rogue brokers and dishonest and unethical firms as well as ensuring proper licensing and registration of securities firms, professionals, and products."

Show sources

Sources: Bill Galvin, Secretary of State, "Meet Bill," accessed July 25, 2022; ; The Boston Phoenix, "Waiting in the wings: If Jane Swift needs even a little time off after giving birth to twins, the secretary of state is ready, willing, and — most bet — eager to become acting governor," March 8, 2001;  Bill Galvin Committee Campaign Website, "Bio," accessed October 10, 2012; 

This information was current as of the candidate's run for Massachusetts Secretary of State in 2022.

Tanisha Sullivan

Image of Tanisha Sullivan

WebsiteFacebookTwitterYouTube

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Submitted Biography:  "Tanisha Sullivan is in her 20th year of practicing law. She is also a civil rights leader, serving as the volunteer president for the Boston NAACP. Committed to public service, from 2013- 2015 Ms. Sullivan served in a cabinet level position with the Boston Public Schools as the district’s inaugural Chief Equity Officer. Ms. Sullivan earned a B.A. in Government from the University of Virginia, a J.D. from Boston College Law School, and an M.B.A. from the Boston College Carroll School of Management."

Key Messages

To read this candidate's full survey responses, click here.

The Secretary of State must take an active role in increasing voter participation by championing same day/Election Day registration and other administrative voting rights, and working alongside local stakeholders to increase trust in our democracy so people will vote. The voter participation gaps that exist hit communities of color, low income and working families the hardest. MA must address this issue.

MA has deep economic inequality. The Secretary of State is the entry point for business. It must proactively seek ways to increase economic opportunity by providing support to our small business community. MA has the highest corporations fees in the country with no distinction made between the small business and major corporation. The Secretary of State must bring fairness to the fees and provide service to small businesses. A strong democracy has a strong economy.

MA is the least transparent state in the country. As the birthplace of democracy, MA should be the most transparent state. The Secretary of State is the chief information officer responsible for the accessibility of public information. I will work with the legislature to reform our laws to increase transparency and focus on civic education to help ensure people know how they can use the information and engage with government.

This information was current as of the candidate's run for Massachusetts Secretary of State in 2022.

Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses

Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.

Survey responses from candidates in this race

Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.

Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.

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Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Sullivantanisha.jpeg

Tanisha Sullivan (D)

The Secretary of State must take an active role in increasing voter participation by championing same day/Election Day registration and other administrative voting rights, and working alongside local stakeholders to increase trust in our democracy so people will vote. The voter participation gaps that exist hit communities of color, low income and working families the hardest. MA must address this issue.

MA has deep economic inequality. The Secretary of State is the entry point for business. It must proactively seek ways to increase economic opportunity by providing support to our small business community. MA has the highest corporations fees in the country with no distinction made between the small business and major corporation. The Secretary of State must bring fairness to the fees and provide service to small businesses. A strong democracy has a strong economy.

MA is the least transparent state in the country. As the birthplace of democracy, MA should be the most transparent state. The Secretary of State is the chief information officer responsible for the accessibility of public information. I will work with the legislature to reform our laws to increase transparency and focus on civic education to help ensure people know how they can use the information and engage with government.
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Sullivantanisha.jpeg

Tanisha Sullivan (D)

Ms. Sullivan has built a reputation as an impact-driven leader championing policies that advance economic, racial, and social justice in communities across Massachusetts. In 2020 she was appointed to serve in.a national public policy fellowship where she focused on develpoing sustainable public policy solutions impacting voting rights, public education and public health. In addition to these areas of focus, her civil rights work has also focused on increasing economic opportunity for all communities.
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Sullivantanisha.jpeg

Tanisha Sullivan (D)

The Secretary of State has nearly 15 areas of responsibility. It is responsible for elections and voting, pubic records and transparency, and corporations and economic opportunity.
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Sullivantanisha.jpeg

Tanisha Sullivan (D)

The Secretary chairs the Massachusetts Historical Commision and is responsible for the allocation of Historic Tax Credits used to help finance affordable housing real estate projects. These allocations can be ~$50mm annually.
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Sullivantanisha.jpeg

Tanisha Sullivan (D)

My legal experience coupled with my civil rights expereince make me uniquely qualified to lead this office at a time when our democracy is on the line. My leadership will ensure that this office is focused on stregnthening our democracy and ensuring that we leave no one behind.



Campaign advertisements

This section includes a selection of up to three campaign advertisements per candidate released in this race, as well as links to candidates' YouTube, Vimeo, and/or Facebook video pages. If you are aware of other links that should be included, please email us.

Democratic Party William Galvin

Ballotpedia did not come across any campaign ads for William Galvin while conducting research on this election. If you are aware of any ads that should be included, please email us.


Democratic Party Tanisha Sullivan

July 12, 2022
January 18, 2022

View more ads here:


Debates and forums

This section includes links to debates, forums, and other similar events where multiple candidates in this race participated. If you are aware of any debates or forums that should be included, please email us.

August 8 debate

On August 8, 2022, Galvin and Sullivan participated in a debate organized by WCVB, WBUR, and The Boston Globe.[10]

Click on the link below for a summary of the event:


Noteworthy endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section lists noteworthy endorsements issued in this election, including those made by high-profile individuals and organizations, cross-party endorsements, and endorsements made by newspaper editorial boards. It also includes a bulleted list of links to official lists of endorsements for any candidates who published that information on their campaign websites. Please note that this list is not exhaustive. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please click here.


News and conflicts in this primary

This race was featured in The Heart of the Primaries, a newsletter capturing stories related to conflicts within each major party. Click here to read more about conflict in this and other 2022 Democratic secretary of state primaries. Click here to subscribe to the newsletter.

Election competitiveness

Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

Polls are conducted with a variety of methodologies and have margins of error or credibility intervals.[11] The Pew Research Center wrote, "A margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level means that if we fielded the same survey 100 times, we would expect the result to be within 3 percentage points of the true population value 95 of those times."[12] For tips on reading polls from FiveThirtyEight, click here. For tips from Pew, click here.

Below we provide results for polls that are included in polling aggregation from FiveThirtyEight and RealClearPolitics, when available. Click here to read about FiveThirtyEight's criteria for including polls in its aggregation. We only report polls for which we can find a margin of error or credibility interval.


Massachusetts secretary of state, 2022: Democratic primary polls
Poll Date Galvin Sullivan Undecided/
Other 		Margin of error Sample size[13] Sponsor[14]
Advantage, Inc. August 22-23, 2022 55 % 14 % 31 %[15] +/- 3.6 563 LV Fiscal Alliance Foundation
The MassINC Polling Group August 5-9, 2022 43 % 15 % 42 %[16] +/- 4 520 LV Responsible Development Coalition
University of Massachusetts Amherst/WCVB June 15-21, 2022 35 % 21 % 44 %[17] +/- 3.5 557 LV YouGov


Election spending

Campaign finance

This section contains campaign finance figures from candidates submitted to the Massachusetts Office of Campaign and Political Finance in this election. It does not include information on spending by satellite groups. Click here to access the reports.

Election analysis

Click the tabs below to view information about demographics, past elections, and partisan control of the state.

  • Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the state.
  • Statewide elections - Information about recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections in the state.
  • State partisanship - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
  • Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.

Presidential elections

See also: Presidential voting trends in Massachusetts and The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index

Cook PVI by congressional district

Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index for Massachusetts, 2022
District Incumbent Party PVI
Massachusetts' 1st Richard Neal Electiondot.png Democratic D+9
Massachusetts' 2nd Jim McGovern Electiondot.png Democratic D+13
Massachusetts' 3rd Lori Trahan Electiondot.png Democratic D+11
Massachusetts' 4th Jake Auchincloss Electiondot.png Democratic D+12
Massachusetts' 5th Katherine Clark Electiondot.png Democratic D+23
Massachusetts' 6th Seth Moulton Electiondot.png Democratic D+11
Massachusetts' 7th Ayanna Pressley Electiondot.png Democratic D+35
Massachusetts' 8th Stephen Lynch Electiondot.png Democratic D+15
Massachusetts' 9th Bill Keating Electiondot.png Democratic D+6


2020 presidential results by 2022 congressional district lines

2020 presidential results in congressional districts based on 2022 district lines, Massachusetts[18]
District Joe Biden Democratic Party Donald Trump Republican Party
Massachusetts' 1st 59.8% 38.2%
Massachusetts' 2nd 64.3% 33.5%
Massachusetts' 3rd 62.7% 35.3%
Massachusetts' 4th 63.3% 34.8%
Massachusetts' 5th 74.8% 23.6%
Massachusetts' 6th 62.9% 35.3%
Massachusetts' 7th 85.5% 13.1%
Massachusetts' 8th 66.9% 31.4%
Massachusetts' 9th 58.2% 40.0%


2012-2020

How a state's counties vote in a presidential election and the size of those counties can provide additional insights into election outcomes at other levels of government including statewide and congressional races. Below, four categories are used to describe each county's voting pattern over the 2012, 2016, and 2020 presidential elections: Solid, Trending, Battleground, and New. Click [show] on the table below for examples:


Following the 2020 presidential election, 100.0% of Massachusettsans lived in one of the state's 14 Solid Democratic counties, which voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in every election from 2012 to 2020. Overall, Massachusetts was Solid Democratic, having voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2012, Hillary Clinton (D) in 2016, and Joe Biden (D) in 2020. Use the table below to view the total number of each type of county in Massachusetts following the 2020 election as well as the overall percentage of the state population located in each county type.

Historical voting trends

Massachusetts presidential election results (1900-2020)

  • 21 Democratic wins
  • 10 Republican wins
Year 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020
Winning Party R R R D R R R D D D D D D R R D D D D D R R D D D D D D D D D

Statewide elections

This section details the results of the five most recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections held in the state.

U.S. Senate elections

See also: List of United States Senators from Massachusetts

The table below details the vote in the five most recent U.S. Senate races in Massachusetts.

U.S. Senate election results in Massachusetts
Race Winner Runner up
2020 66.2%Democratic Party 33.0%Republican Party
2018 60.4%Democratic Party 36.2%Republican Party
2014 62.0%Democratic Party 38.0%Republican Party
2013 54.8%Democratic Party 44.8%Republican Party
2012 53.7%Democratic Party 46.3%Republican Party
Average 59.4 39.7

Gubernatorial elections

See also: Governor of Massachusetts

The table below details the vote in the five most recent gubernatorial elections in Massachusetts.

Gubernatorial election results in Massachusetts
Race Winner Runner up
2018 64.7%Republican Party 32.2%Democratic Party
2014 48.4%Republican Party 46.5%Democratic Party
2010 48.4%Democratic Party 42.0%Republican Party
2006 55.6%Democratic Party 35.3%Republican Party
2002 49.8%Republican Party 44.9%Democratic Party
Average 53.8 40.4

State partisanship

Congressional delegation

The table below displays the partisan composition of Massachusetts' congressional delegation as of November 2022.

Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Massachusetts, November 2022
Party U.S. Senate U.S. House Total
Democratic 2 9 11
Republican 0 0 0
Independent 0 0 0
Vacancies 0 0 0
Total 2 9 11

State executive

The table below displays the officeholders in Massachusetts' top four state executive offices as of November 2022.

State executive officials in Massachusetts, November 2022
Office Officeholder
Governor Republican Party Charles D. Baker
Lieutenant Governor Republican Party Karyn Polito
Secretary of State Democratic Party William Galvin
Attorney General Democratic Party Maura Healey

State legislature

The tables below highlight the partisan composition of the Massachusetts General Court as of November 2022.

Massachusetts State Senate

Party As of November 2022
     Democratic Party 36
     Republican Party 3
     Vacancies 1
Total 40

Massachusetts House of Representatives

Party As of November 2022
     Democratic Party 125
     Republican Party 27
     Independent 1
     Vacancies 7
Total 160

Trifecta control

As of November 2022, Massachusetts was a divided government, with Democrats controlling the governorship and Republican majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. The table below displays the historical trifecta status of the state.

Massachusetts Party Control: 1992-2022
Eight years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Governor R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R
Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

Demographics

The table below details demographic data in Massachusetts and compares it to the broader United States as of 2019.

Demographic Data for Massachusetts
Massachusetts United States
Population 7,029,917 331,449,281
Land area (sq mi) 7,800 3,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White 76.6% 70.4%
Black/African American 7.5% 12.6%
Asian 6.8% 5.6%
Native American 0.2% 0.8%
Pacific Islander 0% 0.2%
Other (single race) 4.2% 5.1%
Multiple 4.8% 5.2%
Hispanic/Latino 12% 18.2%
Education
High school graduation rate 91.1% 88.5%
College graduation rate 44.5% 32.9%
Income
Median household income $84,385 $64,994
Persons below poverty level 9.8% 12.8%
Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2020). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2015-2020).
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


State profile

Demographic data for Massachusetts
 MassachusettsU.S.
Total population:6,784,240316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):7,8003,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:79.6%73.6%
Black/African American:7.1%12.6%
Asian:6%5.1%
Native American:0.2%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
Two or more:2.9%3%
Hispanic/Latino:10.6%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:89.8%86.7%
College graduation rate:40.5%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$68,563$53,889
Persons below poverty level:13.1%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Massachusetts.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

Presidential voting pattern

See also: Presidential voting trends in Massachusetts

Massachusetts voted for the Democratic candidate in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.


More Massachusetts coverage on Ballotpedia

2022 battleground elections

See also: Battlegrounds

This election was a battleground race. Other 2022 battleground elections included:

See also

Massachusetts State Executive Elections News and Analysis
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Massachusetts State Executive Offices
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Party control of state government
State government trifectas
State of the state addresses
Partisan composition of governors

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The Boston Phoenix, "Waiting in the wings: If Jane Swift needs even a little time off after giving birth to twins, the secretary of state is ready, willing, and — most bet — eager to become acting governor," March 8, 2001
  2. ↑ Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, "Massachusetts Election Statistics, accessed July 26, 2022
  3. ↑ Boston Globe, "Secretary of state races are suddenly in the spotlight. But no state has what Massachusetts does: a Democratic primary.," April 8, 2022
  4. ↑ Boston Globe, "Secretary of State William Galvin running for reelection as he seeks record eighth term," January 24, 2022
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 WBUR.org, "Mass. Democrats back Sullivan over Galvin in secretary of state's race," June 05, 2022
  6. ↑ Wikipedia, "Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth," accessed July 29, 2022
  7. ↑ Politico Massachusetts Playbook, "Undecided voters for the win," August 26, 2022
  8. ↑ The MassINC Polling Group, "New poll: Income surtax amendment leads, Democratic primary races shaping up," August 16, 2022
  9. ↑ University of Massachusetts Amherst, "Toplines and Crosstabs June 2022: Massachusetts Primary Elections," June 23, 2022
  10. ↑ https://www.wcvb.com/article/massachusetts-republican-lt-gov-primary-debate-aug-15-2022-1659445217/40782364 WCVB, "Democratic candidates for Massachusetts secretary of state debate ahead of primary election," August 8, 2022]
  11. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  12. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  13. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  14. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  15. ↑ Undecided
  16. ↑ 3% Some other candidate;
    1% Would not vote;
    38% Don't Know
  17. ↑ Don't Know
  18. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012," accessed September 9, 2022
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