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Pennsylvania's 17th Congressional District election, 2018

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2020
2016
Pennsylvania's 17th Congressional District
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Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: March 20, 2018
Primary: May 15, 2018
General: November 6, 2018
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Voting in Pennsylvania
Race ratings
Cook Partisan Voter Index (2018): R+3
Cook Political Report: Likely Democratic
Inside Elections: Lean Democratic
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Likely Democratic
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018
See also
Pennsylvania's 17th Congressional District
U.S. Senate1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th7th (special)15th (special)18th (special)
Pennsylvania elections, 2018
U.S. Congress elections, 2018
U.S. Senate elections, 2018
U.S. House elections, 2018

U.S. Rep. Conor Lamb (D) defeated U.S. Rep. Keith Rothfus (R) in the general election for Pennsylvania's 17th Congressional District on November 6, 2018.

This race was the only U.S. House match-up of two incumbent U.S. representatives in 2018.[1] The Pennsylvania Supreme Court struck down the state's congressional district map as an illegal partisan gerrymander in January and adopted a new map in February. Rothfus represented the old 12th District, while Lamb represented the old 18th District.

Pennsylvania's 17th contains portions of the old 3rd, 12th, 14th, and 18th Districts.[2] President Donald Trump (R) won this new district by 2.5 percentage points in the 2016 presidential election.[3]

All 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. The Democratic Party gained a net total of 40 seats, winning control of the chamber. This race was identified as a 2018 battleground that might have affected partisan control of the U.S. House in the 116th Congress. Heading into the election, the Republican Party was in the majority holding 235 seats to Democrats' 193 seats, with seven vacant seats. Democrats needed to win 23 GOP-held seats in 2018 to win control of the House. From 1918 to 2016, the president’s party lost an average of 29 seats in midterm elections.

Democratic Party For more information about the Democratic primary, click here.
Republican Party For more information about the Republican primary, click here.

Candidates and election results

General election

General election for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 17

Incumbent Conor Lamb defeated incumbent Keith Rothfus in the general election for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 17 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Conor Lamb
Conor Lamb (D)
 
56.3
 
183,162
Image of Keith Rothfus
Keith Rothfus (R)
 
43.7
 
142,417

Total votes: 325,579
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 17

Incumbent Conor Lamb advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 17 on May 15, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Conor Lamb
Conor Lamb
 
100.0
 
52,590

Total votes: 52,590
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 17

Incumbent Keith Rothfus advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Pennsylvania District 17 on May 15, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Keith Rothfus
Keith Rothfus
 
100.0
 
38,513

Total votes: 38,513
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Candidate profiles

See also: Editorial approach to writing about key campaign messages


Conor Lamb, U.S. representative
Conor Lamb.png

Campaign website Facebook Twitter

Party: Democratic

Incumbent: No

Political office: U.S. House, Pennsylvania's 18th (2018-2019)

Biography: Lamb earned his bachelor's degree and J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. Lamb completed active service in the U.S. Marine Corps as a captain, before continuing to serve in the Marine Corps Reserves as a major. He worked as an assistant U.S. attorney from 2014 to 2017.[4]

Key messages
  • Lamb said his military service and work as a federal prosecutor show his commitment to public service.[5]
  • Lamb said he did not accept contributions from corporate PACs so that his constitents know he was representing them and not drug companies or other special interests.[5][6]
  • Lamb identified addressing the opiod epidemic, creating jobs, improving the Affordable Care Act, and protecting Social Security and Medicare as policy priorities.[5][7]



Keith Rothfus, U.S. representative
Keith Rothfus portrait.jpg

Campaign website Facebook Twitter

Party: Republican

Incumbent: No

Political office: U.S. House, Pennsylvania's 12th (2013-2019)

Biography: Rothfus earned his B.S. from the State University of New York College at Buffalo and J.D. from the University of Notre Dame. After graduation, he worked in private practice, aiding small business. Rothfus also served as the first director of the Center for Faith-Based and Community Initiatives at the Department of Homeland Security.[8]

Key messages
  • Rothfus pointed to his experience as a cancer survivor to say he is committed to making healthcare affordable through increased choices.[9]
  • Rothfus was focused on improving the economy through reduced taxes, ending regulations, and eliminating wasteful Washington spending.[10]
  • Rothfus characterized Lamb as a Washington liberal rather than a moderate, pointing to his vote to protect the endangered Preble's Meadow jumping mouse as evidence.[11][12]



Results of 2018 redistricting

On February 19, 2018, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court adopted a new congressional district map after ruling that the original map constituted an illegal partisan gerrymander. District locations and numbers were changed by the new map. Candidates on this page were listed under Pennsylvania’s new districts, which were used in the 2018 congressional elections. Click here for more information about the ruling.

The chart below compares this new district with the old district that was the most geographically similar to it.

Old district[13] Prior incumbent Prior 2016 presidential result New 2016 presidential result
12th District Keith Rothfus (R) R+20.8 R+2.5

Not sure which district you're in? Find out here.

Click the box below to see how the new congressional districts compare to the ones in place before the redrawing.


Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
Pennsylvania's 17th Congressional District, 2018
Poll Democratic Party Conor Lamb Republican Party Keith RothfusUndecided/OtherMargin of errorSample size
Monmouth University
October 5-8, 2018
54%42%4%+/-5.2354
Monmouth University
July 19-22, 2018
53%40%7%+/-5.2401
AVERAGES 53.5% 41% 5.5% +/-5.2 377.5
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.


Campaign finance

The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.

Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
Conor Lamb Democratic Party $9,145,125 $8,898,569 $246,556 As of December 31, 2018
Keith Rothfus Republican Party $3,198,313 $3,775,395 $36,590 As of December 31, 2018

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.


Satellite spending

Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[19][20][21]

This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.

  • Patriot Majority spent $150,000 on an ad against Rothfus in October 2018.[22]

Race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Race ratings: Pennsylvania's 17th Congressional District election, 2018
Race trackerRace ratings
October 30, 2018October 23, 2018October 16, 2018October 9, 2018
The Cook Political ReportLikely DemocraticLikely DemocraticLikely DemocraticLikely Democratic
Inside Elections with Nathan L. GonzalesLean DemocraticLean DemocraticLean DemocraticLean Democratic
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal BallLikely DemocraticLikely DemocraticLean DemocraticLean Democratic
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every two weeks throughout the election season.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+3, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 3 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Pennsylvania's 17th Congressional District the 210th most Republican nationally.[23]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.01. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.01 points toward that party.[24]

Noteworthy endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section lists noteworthy endorsements issued in this election, including those made by high-profile individuals and organizations, cross-party endorsements, and endorsements made by newspaper editorial boards. It also includes a bulleted list of links to official lists of endorsements for any candidates who published that information on their campaign websites. Please note that this list is not exhaustive. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please click here.


Campaign advertisements

Democratic Party Connor Lamb

Support

"Abandoned" - Lamb campaign ad, released October 2, 2018
"Integrity" - Lamb campaign ad, released September 17, 2018
"Round Two" - Lamb campaign ad, released September 4, 2018

Oppose

"Would You?" - Rothfus opposition ad, released October 2, 2018
"A Mouse" - Rothfus opposition ad, released September 12, 2018

Republican Party Keith Rothfus

Support

"Indivisible" - Rothfus campaign ad, released October 29, 2018
"Birthday" - Rothfus campaign ad, released August 27, 2018
"Post" - Rothfus campaign ad, released August 13, 2018


Oppose

"Quietly" - Patriot Majority USA ad, released October 15, 2018

Campaign themes

These were the policy positions listed on the candidates' websites.

Democratic Party Conor Lamb

I believe that leaders should have priorities.

There's an old saying that if everything is important, nothing is. My first priority is to get things moving again. I will work with anyone to protect our people and bring good jobs here. I will go to Washington with strong convictions and an open mind. And when I'm there, I'll never forget that the only people I work for are right here at home.

My only bias is the one they taught us in the Marines: a bias for action. It's time that our leaders in Washington do the work we send them there to do. Not tomorrow. Not next year. Now.

TAKING IMMEDIATE ACTION TO FIGHT THE HEROIN CRISIS

Heroin is killing crazy numbers of our people. As a federal prosecutor, I brought heroin dealers to justice and fought for their victims and for the families who have lost loved ones to the disease of addiction. I saw firsthand how prescription pain killers were usually the root cause. I also saw how our government has been too slow to take effective action in this crisis.

The President’s declaration that the heroin and opioid epidemic is a national health emergency is important. It was also long overdue. We can’t wait any longer while politicians argue about funding for enforcement, treatment and prevention. We need to leave partisan politics out of this and take urgent, comprehensive action to save lives.

We need to invest in prevention. We need to expand access to treatment and rehabilitation. And we need to crack down on the people who are fueling and profiting from this crisis. There are drug dealers on the street, in doctors’ offices, and in drug company boardrooms, and we need to pass legislation that guarantees every one of them will face justice for their crimes.

JOBS & INFRASTRUCTURE: NO MORE STALLING

Infrastructure – High-quality infrastructure is essential to economic growth here. We need modern airports, roads, and bridges, locks, and dams – to move people and goods into and out of our region, to attract new businesses, and to create jobs.

We need a secure, reliable electric grid that cannot fail.

We need functioning water treatment systems that keep storm water runoff out of our streets and guarantee safe drinking water.

Politicians talk about this all the time, but the fact is we've neglected our critical infrastructure for decades, and every day we fail to act is a missed opportunity. A comprehensive infrastructure bill would create good jobs here tomorrow, and unlike the massive corporate tax cut that just added trillions to the deficit, infrastructure investments pay for themselves.

People in our district ask me every day why an infrastructure bill hasn't even been introduced, let alone passed – and the answer is that politicians in Washington aren't listening to us and aren't keeping their promises. Passing an infrastructure bill – a serious bill big enough to match the urgency of the situation -- is an economic and national security priority, and I will fight every day to get it done.

Job Training – We have to invest in our people. Politicians in both parties like to talk about job training, but that talk hasn't lived up to the reality for too many students and workers in our region -- and both parties bear the blame for that.

We need job training programs that lead to an actual job -- not just a piece of paper.

Companies and industry associations say there are thousands of jobs in our region that they can't fill because we don't have workers with the right training and skills. They want public schools and community colleges to help fill that gap, and of course we should do that.

I'll fight for those investments, but I'll also make those companies put some skin in the game. If workers successfully complete training programs paid for with our tax dollars, employers need to hire those workers for full-time, family-supporting jobs.

AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE

I believe that every American has a right to go see a doctor when they're sick, and that means every American has a right to health insurance they can afford.

The Affordable Care Act has flaws, but it has provided affordable coverage to more than a million Pennsylvanians who were previously uninsured.

Our representatives in Congress should be working together to build on that progress, fix what isn't working, and make the law better. Instead, Republicans in Congress spent the past year trying to take health insurance away from people with no plan to replace it. Now, costs are likely to go up for many of us, especially those with preexisting conditions. That is unacceptable, and it's a failure of leadership.

Republican leaders have not even allowed a vote on a bipartisan, common-sense effort to strengthen the ACA and stabilize the markets. And it took the threat of a government shutdown for both parties to come together and fund the children's health program (CHIP), something they'd ignored for months while the program was forced to survive on week-to-week bailouts.

These legislative failures show what is wrong with the status quo in Washington. I'll work with anyone from either party who wants to help people with pre-existing conditions, improve the quality of care, and reduce premiums, out-of-pocket costs, and prescription drug prices.

PROTECTING MEDICARE & SOCIAL SECURITY

Within 12 hours of giving away our tax dollars to the wealthy and big corporations, Speaker Paul Ryan announced that he would try to pay for it by coming after Medicare, Social Security and Medicaid. It didn't take long for the Republican leadership in Washington to make clear that once they drove this nation another $1.5 trillion in debt, they were going to use that as an excuse to cut the programs seniors depend on and paid into all their lives.

They call this "entitlement reform," but make no mistake – that is just fancy Washington talk for taking the money you paid your whole working life and using it to cover the trillion dollars they just added to the debt.

It's not right, and I will fight every attempt to break the promises we made to our senior citizens, working families and children.

RELEASING STUDENTS FROM LIFETIME DEBT TRAPS

We need to reform our student loan system, which right now forces too many students into a lifetime debt trap. If you want to go to college or get other post-secondary education, you should be able to do that without taking on decades worth of debt.

Too many people in our district are already stuck with interest payments they can't afford at a time when they should be buying houses, saving their money and becoming financially independent.

We need to allow people to refinance their student loans, just as we do for corporations and credit card holders. And I believe we should let people pay at least some portion of their student loans with pre-tax dollars.

I also support programs that help people pay back their loans when they take important public service jobs in under-served communities and under-populated professions. Some of those programs exist for certain disciplines, but I'll work to expand them. If you want to use your education to serve the public and help meet an urgent public need, the government should help you pay back the cost of that education.

UNIONS

I support unions, and I'm proud to be endorsed by the AFL-CIO. I believe that all workers have the right to organize and bargain collectively for better wages, benefits and working conditions. And I know that when unions do the work, it gets done on time and on budget.

Union members in our district can count on me to be the most effective ally they have in fighting to protect their rights, support prevailing wages and Project Labor Agreements, and defeat the ideological extremists who want to put unions out of existence.

MODERN ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

I support robust and responsible energy development. Natural gas extraction is creating and supporting a lot of good, middle-class jobs in our region, and I want more of those jobs for our people.

That means investing in training so people in our district have the skills they need to do these jobs, and it means pushing energy companies to hire people in our communities. People who live here and send their kids to school here will do the work safely and responsibly, so that our families and future generations are breathing clean air and drinking clean water.

Government should not be an impediment to energy development and job creation, but we rely on government to enforce the law and hold companies accountable if they endanger workers or pollute our air or water.

For purely political reasons, this administration wants to undermine our government's ability to perform basic inspection and law enforcement activities -- just as Harrisburg has done here with our state enforcement activities.

That's a mistake, and I'll work to ensure that our government has the necessary resources to do its job, keep workers safe, and protect our air and water.[25]

—Lamb for Congress[26]

Republican Party Keith Rothfus

Inalienable and Constitutional Rights

Our Declaration of Independence recognizes inalienable rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and our Constitution protects these and other rights. Keith is working to build a culture of life, and agrees with most Americans that late term abortion is simply not acceptable. The United States is one of only seven countries in the world, including China, North Korea and Vietnam, to allow elective abortion after 20 weeks, an age at which babies can feel pain. The House passed, with Keith’s support, legislation to stop this. Keith also opposes taxpayer funding of abortion, and protecting our the rights enshrined in our Bill of Rights, including Freedom of Religion, the Press, Speech, Assembly, the right to keep and bear arms, the right to an attorney and trial by jury.

Immigration and Border Security

Keith opposes ‘sanctuary cities,’ and is cosponsoring the Securing America’s Future Act to secure the border once and for all. For Keith, securing the border is not just about stopping illegal immigration, it is also about blocking the flow of illegal drugs and protecting the U.S. from terrorists.

Supporting our Veterans and Accountability in Washington

Supporting Our Vets

Keith led the charge against bonuses for corrupt VA officials and supported reforms to make the VA accountable for the benefits and care veterans earned and deserved. Keith also voted for the VA reform bill that will allow veterans to seek private care if they are unable to receive timely treatment from the VA.

Accountability in Washington

Keith challenges the high level of spending of both parties, and stood up to his own party’s leaders in opposing budget-busting spending bills that limit our children’s future. When party leaders told him to vote for a 2,200 page, $1.3 trillion omnibus spending bill, with only 18 hours to review it, he said no.

Medicare, Health Care and the Opioid Epidemic

Medicare and Health Care

Keith’s bipartisan law restored to seniors their right to change Medicare Advantage plans during the year, a right Obamacare had taken away. Keith also supported passage of the 21st Century Cures Act because he knows the importance of finding cures for Alzheimer’s, cancer and other diseases, and he voted for the Right to Try Act, to give terminally ill patients another chance at life.

Opioid Epidemic

Keith is active with the House’s Bipartisan Heroin Task Force, has advocated for increased funding for treatment programs and passed legislation promoting naloxone, the life-saving overdose antidote.

Jobs, the Economy and Trade

Jobs and the Economy

Keith’s vote for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and financial reforms are producing more jobs, higher wages and more money in the pockets of hardworking taxpayers. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act treats American businesses more favorably than businesses in China, Mexico and many other countries, resulting in more jobs, better pay and lower utility bills.

Trade

Keith stood up against President Obama, John Boehner and Paul Ryan on Trade Promotion Authority and TPP because the proposals did not put Western Pennsylvania First. Keith believes our trade policies should promote America’s interests and hold violators accountable.[25]


Social media

Twitter accounts

Facebook accounts

Click the icons below to visit the candidates' Facebook pages.

Democratic Party Conor Lamb Facebook

Republican Party Keith Rothfus Facebook

Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties by state

Three of 67 Pennsylvania counties—4.5 percent—are pivot counties. These are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 pivot counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008
County Trump margin of victory in 2016 Obama margin of victory in 2012 Obama margin of victory in 2008
Erie County, Pennsylvania 1.56% 16.03% 19.88%
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania 19.31% 4.81% 8.41%
Northampton County, Pennsylvania 3.78% 4.71% 12.30%

In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Pennsylvania with 48.2 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 47.5 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, Pennsylvania cast votes for the winning presidential candidate 76.7 percent of the time. In that same time frame, Pennsylvania supported Republican candidates for president more often than Democratic candidates, 53.3 to 43.3 percent. The state, however, favored Democrats in every presidential election between 2000 and 2012, but voted Republican in 2016.

Presidential results by legislative district

The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Pennsylvania. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[28][29]

In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 89 out of 203 state House districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 37.4 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 84 out of 203 state House districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 37.3 points. Clinton won 19 districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 114 out of 203 state House districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 20 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 119 out of 203 state House districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 28.2 points. Trump won 17 districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections.


District history

On February 19, 2018, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court adopted a new congressional district map after ruling that the original map constituted an illegal partisan gerrymander. District locations and numbers were changed by the new map. Click here for more information about the ruling.

See also

Footnotes

  1. CNN, "CNN Key Races: Path to House majority comes into focus as a dozen races move toward Democrats," July 29, 2018
  2. Daily Kos, "Under swingy Pennsylvania's new map, Trump won 10 districts and Clinton 8. The old split: 12-6 Trump," February 19, 2018
  3. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections presents presidential election results for Pennsylvania's new congressional map," February 26, 2018
  4. Conor Lamb, "Meet Conor," accessed September 24, 2018
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Conor Lamb, "News: Why Conor?" accessed September 24, 2018
  6. YouTube, "Conor Lamb – Integrity," September 17, 2018
  7. Conor Lamb, "Priorites," accessed September 24, 2018
  8. Keith Rothfus, "Meet Keith," accessed September 24, 2018
  9. YouTube, "Keith Rothus – Birthday," August 27, 2018
  10. Keith Rothfus, "Home," accessed September 24, 2018
  11. CBS Pittsburgh, "Rothfus Goes Negative In Campaign Ads Against Lamb," September 20, 2018
  12. YouTube, "Keith Rothfus – A Mouse," September 12, 2018
  13. 13.0 13.1 Refers to the old district that makes up a plurality of the new district.
  14. The old 1st and 11th districts did not make up a plurality of any of the new districts. The 1st District went for Hillary Clinton by 61.3 percentage points and was represented by Bob Brady (D). The 11th District went for Donald Trump by 23.8 percentage points and was represented by Lou Barletta (R).
  15. District 13 incumbent Brendan Boyle (D) filed for re-election in the new 2nd District.
  16. District 17 incumbent Matt Cartwright (D) filed for re-election in the new 8th District.
  17. Lamb was elected in a March 2018 special election to replace Rep. Tim Murphy (R).
  18. Lamb filed to run for PA-17 in the 2018 election.
  19. OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
  20. OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
  21. National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
  22. FEC, "FILING FEC-1273496," accessed October 19, 2018
  23. Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  24. FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
  25. 25.0 25.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  26. Lamb for Congress, "Priorities," accessed September 22, 2018
  27. Rothfus for Congress, "On the Issues," accessed September 22, 2018
  28. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
  29. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
  30. Pennsylvania Department of State, "Unofficial Candidate Listing – Pre Ballot Lottery," accessed February 17, 2016
  31. The New York Times, "Pennsylvania Primary Results," April 26, 2016
  32. United States Census Bureau, "Quick Facts - Pennsylvania," accessed January 3, 2018
  33. Pennsylvania Demographics, "Pennsylvania Cities by Population," accessed January 3, 2018



Senators
Representatives
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Republican Party (11)
Democratic Party (8)