Florida State Senate elections, 2024
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| 2024 Florida Senate Elections | |
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| Primary | August 20, 2024 |
| General | November 5, 2024 |
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Elections for the Florida State Senate took place in 2024. The general election was on November 5, 2024. The primary was August 20, 2024. The filing deadline was June 14, 2024.
Following the election, Republicans maintained a 28-12 veto-proof majority. Republicans had a two-thirds veto-proof majority in both chambers before the election. Republicans needed to lose fewer than two Senate seats and fewer than five House seats to maintain their two-thirds veto-proof majority in both chambers. Democrats needed to win at least two Senate seats or at least five House seats to break the Republican legislative veto-proof majority. Republicans maintained an 85-35 veto-proof majority in the House as well.
The Florida State Senate was one of 85 state legislative chambers with elections in 2024. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
To learn more about battleground primaries, click here.
Party control
| Florida State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 5, 2024 | After November 6, 2024 | |
| Democratic Party | 11 | 12 | |
| Republican Party | 28 | 28 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 40 | 40 | |
Candidates
General election
Florida State Senate general election 2024 |
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| Office |  Democratic |
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Other |
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| District 3 |
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| District 5 |
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Vernon Lee Parker (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in) |
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| District 7 |
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| District 9 |
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| District 11 |
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| District 13 |
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| District 15 |
The general election was canceled and this candidate was elected:  Geraldine Thompson (i) |
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| District 17 |
The general election was canceled and this candidate was elected: Carlos Guillermo Smith |
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| District 19 |
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| District 21 |
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| District 23 |
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John Houman (No Party Affiliation) |
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| District 25 |
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| District 27 |
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| District 29 |
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| District 31 |
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| District 33 |
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| District 35 |
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| District 37 |
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| District 39 |
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= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate ConnectionPrimary
Florida State Senate primary 2024 |
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| Office | Democratic |
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| District 3 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 5 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 7 |
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| District 9 |
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| District 11 |
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| District 13 |
CJ Blancett Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 15 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 17 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 19 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 21 |
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| District 23 |
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| District 25 |
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| District 27 |
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Voting information
- See also: Voting in Florida
General election race ratings
The table below displays race ratings for each race in this chamber from CNalysis.
Battleground primaries
Ballotpedia identified one Senate battleground primary that could have affected the results of the general election or the ideological makeup of the legislature. Ahead of the June 2024 primaries, AP's Robert Yoon said, "Democrats and Republicans each will hold five contested state Senate primaries. Thirty-five state House primaries are contested. Half of Florida’s 40 state Senate seats and all 120 state House seats are up for election. Republicans hold more than 2-to-1 majorities in both chambers."[1] Of the five contested Senate Republican primaries, Ballotpedia identified the Senate District 21 Republican primary as a battleground. To learn more about the Florida House battleground primaries, click here.
Florida Senate District 21 Republican primary
- See also: Florida State Senate District 21
Incumbent Rep. Ed Hooper (R) defeated John Siamas (R) in the Republican primary for Florida Senate District 21 85.1%-14.9%. CNalysis rated Senate District 21 as Solid Republican.[2]
According to the Tampa Bay Times' Lawrence Mower, "The former firefighter, 76, was first elected to the Senate in 2018 and is running for his final four-year term. He regularly runs transportation bills in the Legislature and is known as one of the more independent voices in his party...Siamas, 44, is a U.S. Navy veteran and part-time tax accountant who said he’s campaigning on rooting out corruption in homeowners associations and 'modernizing the education system.'"[3]
While in the Senate, Hooper sponsored legislation establishing punishments for distributing fentanyl, misdemeanors for threatening first responders, and increasing awareness for opioid use and overdoses. Before serving in the Senate, Hooper served in the Florida House of Representatives from 2006-2014.[4]
Siamass said his priorities were lowering insurance costs, ending corruption in homeowners associations, property tax credits for association dues, blockchain and cryptocurrency, and school technology as his top priorities. Siamas said, "I am committed to donating my entire salary to a nonprofit organization dedicated to helping homeowners with their legal fees in lawsuits against corrupt HOA Board members."[5]
Campaign finance
- See also: Campaign finance
The section and tables below contain data from financial reports submitted to state agencies. Districts and elections are grouped in sections of 10. To view data for a district, click on the appropriate bar below to expand it. The data is gathered and made available by Transparency USA.
Incumbents who were not re-elected
Incumbents defeated in general elections
No incumbents lost in general elections. This was less than the average of 1.0 incumbent defeats per cycle from 2010 to 2022.
Incumbents defeated in primaries
No incumbents lost in primaries. The average number incumbents who lost in primaries from 2010-2022 was 0.1.
Retiring incumbents
Eight incumbents did not file for re-election in 2024.[6] The average number of retirements each election cycle from 2010 to 2022 was 10. Those incumbents were:
Primary election competitiveness
This section contains data on state legislative primary election competitiveness in Florida. These totals include data from all regularly-scheduled House and Senate elections. For more information about Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of state legislative elections, please click here.
Post-filing deadline analysis
The following analysis covers all state legislative districts up for election in Florida in 2024. Information below was calculated on June 26, 2024, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
Florida had 46 contested state legislative primaries in 2024, a decrease of 43% from the preceding cycle.
Nineteen of these primaries were for Democrats, down 39% from 31 in 2022. Republicans had 27 primaries, a 45% decrease from 49 in 2022.
Thirteen incumbents faced primary challenges, the fewest since tracking began in 2010 and representing 12% of all incumbents running for re-election. The average number of contested incumbents each election cycle from 2010 to 2022 was 22.
Of the 13 incumbents in contested primaries, eight were Democrats and five were Republicans.
In total, 336 major party candidates—172 Democrats and 164 Republicans—filed to run. All 120 House seats and 20 of 40 Senate seats were up for election. Thirty-one of those seats were open, meaning no incumbents filed. This was the fewest since 2014, when 18 seats were open.
Open seats
The table below shows the number and percentage of open seats in the Florida State Senate from 2010 to 2024.[7]
| Open Seats in Florida State Senate elections: 2010 - 2024 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Total seats | Open seats | Seats with incumbents running for re-election |
| 2024 | 20 | 8 (40 percent) | 12 (60 percent) |
| 2022 | 40 | 11 (28 percent) | 29 (73 percent) |
| 2020 | 20 | 8 (40 percent) | 12 (60 percent) |
| 2018 | 22 | 6 (27 percent) | 16 (73 percent) |
| 2016 | 40 | 18 (45 percent) | 22 (55 percent) |
| 2014 | 20 | 0 (0 percent) | 20 (100 percent) |
| 2012 | 40 | 14 (35 percent) | 26 (65percent) |
| 2010 | 20 | 12 (60 percent) | 8 (40 percent) |
Noteworthy ballot measures
- See also: Florida 2024 ballot measures
Two notable ballot measures were on the November 5, 2024, ballot in Florida. One would legalize marijuana possession under three ounces (Amendment 3), and the other would establish a constitutional right to abortion before fetal viability (Amendment 4). A 60% supermajority vote is required for the approval of both amendments.
Observers and officials commented on whether the amendments would increase turnout statewide.
- Wendy Sartory Link, the Supervisor of Elections for Palm Beach County, said: “A presidential election gets people excited and brings people out. But you might have folks who may not have cared as much or been as motivated to get out to vote for a president or all of the other races. Now, these amendments might just drive them out.”[8]
- Brad Coker, the CEO of the Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy firm, said of Amendment 4: "It'll bring out younger voters of all kinds and more white, female voters, both groups which lean heavy Democratic... It’ll definitely help turn out voters in what for many was looking like a lackluster choice in the presidential race between Biden and Trump.”[9]
- Florida House Minority Leader Fentrice Driskell (D) said: “With voters paying more attention to down-ballot races, I’m optimistic we can have a reverse coattails effect where we start to drive turnout and help improve the numbers at the presidential level.”[10]
- Republican pollster Ryan Tyson disputed the idea that the amendments would increase turnout for Democrats, saying of Amendment 4: "Nobody is trying to say that abortion doesn’t animate their base to turn out — we’ve seen that everywhere... However, we haven’t seen them turn out voters that wouldn’t have already turned out, like in a presidential year."[11]
- Sen. Marco Rubio (R) said of Amendment 4: “People are going to vote, they’re going to come out and vote and I don’t think [the abortion rights measure] is going to change any turnout patterns.”[12]
Amendment 3
A "yes" vote supported legalizing marijuana for adults 21 years old and older and allowing individuals to possess up to three ounces of marijuana. |
A "no" vote opposed legalizing marijuana for adult use in Florida. |
To read more about supporters and opponents of Amendment 3, along with their arguments, click on the box below.
- Amendment 3 Support & Opposition (click to expand)
Supporters
Smart & Safe Florida led the campaign in support of the initiative.
Supporters
Officials
- State Sen. Joe Gruters (R)
- State Rep. Ashley Gantt (D)
- Democratic Party of Florida
- Florida Democratic Party Chair Nikki Fried (D)
Candidates
- Donald Trump (Conservative Party, Republican Party) - Presidential Candidate and Former President
Corporations
Organizations
Individuals
- Howard Bellamy - Musical artist
- David Bellamy (Nonpartisan) - Musical artist
- John Morgan - Florida lawyer
Arguments
Opposition
Opponents
Officials
- U.S. Sen. Rick Scott (R)
- U.S. Rep. Matt Gaetz (R)
- Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis (R)
- State Sen. Ben Albritton (R)
- State Rep. Sam Garrison (R)
- State Rep. Daniel Anthony Perez (R)
- Florida Attorney General Ashley B. Moody (R)
Political Parties
Corporations
Organizations
- Drug Free America Foundation
- Florida Chamber of Commerce
- Florida Sheriffs Association
- Smart Approaches to Marijuana
Arguments
Amendment 4
A "yes" vote supported adding the following language to the Florida Constitution’s Declaration of Rights: “… no law shall prohibit, penalize, delay, or restrict abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the patient’s health, as determined by the patient’s healthcare provider.” Amendment 4 maintained the existing constitutional provision that permitted a law requiring parents to be notified before a minor can receive an abortion. |
A "no" vote opposed amending the Florida Constitution's Declaration of Rights to provide that the state cannot "... prohibit, penalize, delay, or restrict abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the patient’s health, as determined by the patient’s healthcare provider." |
To read more about supporters and opponents of Amendment 4, along with their arguments, click on the box below.
- Amendment 4 Support & Opposition (click to expand)
Support
Floridians Protecting Freedom is leading the campaign in support of the initiative.[13]
Supporters
Officials
- President of the United States Joe Biden (D)
- U.S. Rep. Kathy Castor (D)
- U.S. Rep. Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D)
- U.S. Rep. Lois Frankel (D)
- U.S. Rep. Maxwell Alejandro Frost (D)
- U.S. Rep. Jared Evan Moskowitz (D)
- U.S. Rep. Darren Soto (D)
- U.S. Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D)
- U.S. Rep. Frederica S. Wilson (D)
- State Sen. Lori Berman (D)
- State Sen. Lauren Book (D)
- State Sen. Tracie Davis (D)
- State Sen. Shevrin Jones (D)
- State Sen. Jason Pizzo (No Party Affiliation)
- State Sen. Tina Polsky (D)
- State Sen. Linda Stewart (D)
- State Rep. Robin Bartleman (D)
- State Rep. Lindsay Cross (D)
- State Rep. Dan Daley (D)
- State Rep. Fentrice Driskell (D)
- State Rep. Anna Eskamani (D)
- State Rep. Ashley Gantt (D)
- State Rep. Sherita Harris (Nonpartisan)
- State Rep. Dianne Hart (D)
- State Rep. Christine Hunschofsky (D)
- State Rep. Tom Keen (D)
- State Rep. Angela Nixon (D)
- State Rep. Susan Valdes (D)
- Democratic Party of Florida
- Chair of the Florida Democratic Party Nikki Fried (D)
Unions
Organizations
- ACLU of Florida
- Faith in Public Life Action
- Florida Rising
- Florida Women's Freedom Coalition
- League of Women Voters of Florida
- Men4Choice
- Planned Parenthood of Southwest and Central Florida
- The Fairness Project
- Think Big America
- Women's Voices of Southwest Florida
Arguments
Opposition
Florida Voters Against Extremism is leading the campaign in opposition to the initiative.[14]
Opponents
Officials
- U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio (R)
- U.S. Sen. Rick Scott (R)
- U.S. Rep. Aaron Bean (R)
- U.S. Rep. Byron Donalds (R)
- U.S. Rep. Neal Dunn (R)
- U.S. Rep. Matt Gaetz (R)
- U.S. Rep. Cory Mills (R)
- U.S. Rep. Greg Steube (R)
- Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis (R)
- State Sen. Daniel Burgess (R)
- State Sen. Jay Collins (R)
- State Rep. Jenna Persons-Mulicka (R)
- State Rep. Paul Renner (R)
- Attorney General Ashley B. Moody (R)
Candidates
- Donald Trump (Conservative Party, Republican Party) - Former U.S. President
Political Parties
Organizations
- Democrats for Life of Florida
- Florida Conference of Catholic Bishops
- Florida Family Action, Inc.
- Florida Family Policy Council
- Florida Right to Life
- Liberty Counsel
- National Center for Life and Liberty
- Priests for Life
- Students for Life Action
- Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America
Individuals
- Ben Shapiro - Host of The Ben Shapiro Show
Arguments
Legislative referrals
- See also: Legislative referral
A legislative referral, or legislatively referred ballot measure, is a ballot measure that appears on the ballot due to a vote of the state legislature. A legislative referral can be a constitutional amendment, state statute, or bond issue.
As of the 2024 election, a 60% vote was required during one legislative session for the Florida State Legislature to put a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounted to a minimum of 72 votes in the Florida House of Representatives and 24 votes in the Florida State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments did not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
At the time of the 2024 election, Republicans held a 28-12 majority in the Senate and a 84-36 majority in the House. Republicans held the minimum votes necessary to put a legislative referral on the ballot without Democratic votes. Republicans needed to lose five Senate seats and 13 House seats to lose that ability. Democrats needed to win 12 Senate seats and 36 House seats to pass legislative referrals without Republican votes.
Process to become a candidate
See statutes: Chapter 99 of the Florida Statutes
In Florida, a candidate cannot file for more than one office at a time if the terms of those offices run concurrently. Thus, any elected public official wishing to run for office must resign if the term of that office will run concurrently with the office the official currently holds.[15]
Qualifying as a candidate
Major party, minor party, and unaffiliated candidates in Florida file in the same way. All qualifying paperwork and filing fees must be submitted to the Florida Department of State, Division of Elections, during the qualifying period corresponding to the office being sought. Qualifying periods are as follows:[16]
- For candidates seeking federal office, state attorney, or public defender, filing may begin after noon on the 120th day prior to the primary election and must be completed no later than noon on the 116th day before the primary election.
- For candidates seeking state office, other than state attorney or public defender, filing may begin after noon on the 71st day before the primary election and must be completed no later than noon on the 67th day before the primary election.
- During a year in which the Florida State Legislature apportions the state, all candidates must file during the qualifying period designated for those seeking state office.
During the qualifying period, every candidate must file a full and public disclosure of financial interests, a form designating a campaign treasurer and campaign depository, qualifying fees or in-lieu-of-fee petitions, and a candidate oath. The candidate oath must be administered by the qualifying officer and must be signed in its written form by both the candidate and the qualifying officer, affirming the following:[15]
- The candidate is a registered voter.
- The candidate is qualified to run for and hold the office being sought.
- The candidate has not qualified for any other office in the state that runs for the same term as the office sought.
- The candidate has resigned from any other public office whose term would run at the same time as the office being sought.
- The assessment fee has been paid.
- If running with a political party, the candidate has not been a registered member of any other political party for 365 days before the beginning of the qualifying period.
Candidate filing fees
In Florida, candidates are required to pay filing fees and election assessment fees to the Division of Elections when qualifying. A party assessment fee may also be required, if the party the candidate is running with elects to levy one. For political party candidates, total fees are equal to 6 percent of the annual salary of the office being sought (i.e., a 3 percent filing fee, a 1 percent election assessment, and a 2 percent party assessment). For unaffiliated candidates, total fees are equal to 4 percent of the annual salary of the office being sought. (i.e., a 3 percent filing fee and a 1 percent election assessment).[17]
A candidate may waive the required filing fees if he or she submits an in-lieu-of-filing-fee petition with signatures equal to at least 1 percent of the total number of registered voters in the geographical area represented by the office being sought. Signatures for this petition may not be collected until the candidate has filed the appointment of campaign treasurer and designation of campaign depository form, and the completed petition must be filed by the 28th day preceding the first day of the qualifying period for the office being sought. This petition must be filed with the supervisor of elections in each county in which the petition was circulated in order to verify the signatures. The supervisor of elections in the county must then certify the number of valid signatures to the Florida Division of Elections no later than seven days prior to the first day of the corresponding qualifying period.[18]
Write-in candidates
A write-in candidate is not entitled to have his or her name printed on any ballots, but a space is provided for voters to write in a candidate's name on the general election ballot. A candidate may not qualify as a write-in candidate if he or she has qualified to run for public office by other means.[16][19]
A write-in candidate is required to file a candidate oath with the Florida Division of Elections. This is due during the standard qualifying period for the office being sought. A write-in candidate is not required to pay any filing fees.[16][20]
Qualifications
To run for the Florida State Senate, candidates must be 21 years old, have lived in Florida for two years and live in the district they intend to serve.[21]
Salaries and per diem
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2024[22] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $29,697/year | $175/day for a maximum of 60 days. Members can also receive per diem outside of the session. |
When sworn in
Florida legislators assume office on the day they are elected in the general election.[23]
Florida political history
Trifectas
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government.
Florida Party Control: 1992-2024
One year of a Democratic trifecta • Twenty-six years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | I | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Presidential politics in Florida
2020
- See also: Presidential election, 2020
Presidential election in Florida, 2020
Candidate/Running mate |
% |
Popular votes |
Electoral votes |
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| ✔ |
 
| Donald Trump/Mike Pence (R) |
51.2
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5,668,731 | 29 |
 
| Joe Biden/Kamala D. Harris (D) |
47.9
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5,297,045 | 0 | |
 
| Jo Jorgensen/Spike Cohen (L) |
0.6
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70,324 | 0 | |
 
| Howie Hawkins/Angela Nicole Walker (G) |
0.1
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14,721 | 0 | |
 
| Roque De La Fuente/Darcy Richardson (Reform Party) |
0.1
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5,966 | 0 | |
 
| Gloria La Riva/Sunil Freeman (Party for Socialism and Liberation) |
0.1
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5,712 | 0 | |
 
| Don Blankenship/William Mohr (Constitution Party) |
0.0
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3,902 | 0 | |
 
| Brian T. Carroll/Amar Patel (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) |
0.0
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854 | 0 | |
 
| Jade Simmons/Melissa Nixon (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) |
0.0
|
181 | 0 | |
| Shawn W. Howard/Alyssa Howard (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) |
0.0
|
9 | 0 | |
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| Kasey Wells/Rachel Wells (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) |
0.0
|
8 | 0 | |
 
| Angela Marie Walls-Windhauser/Charles Tolbert (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) |
0.0
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2 | 0 | |
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| Michael Laboch/Raechelle Pope (Unaffiliated) (Write-in) |
0.0
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1 | 0 | |
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Total votes: 11,067,456 |
2016
- See also: Presidential election, 2016
| U.S. presidential election, Florida, 2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Electoral votes | |
| Democratic | Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine | 47.8% | 4,504,975 | 0 | |
| Republican | Donald Trump/Mike Pence |
49% | 4,617,886 | 29 | |
| Libertarian | Gary Johnson/Bill Weld | 2.2% | 207,043 | 0 | |
| Green | Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka | 0.7% | 64,399 | 0 | |
| Constitution | Darrell Lane Castle/Scott Bradley | 0.2% | 16,475 | 0 | |
| Reform | Rocky De La Fuente/Michael Steinberg | 0.1% | 9,108 | 0 | |
| - | Other/Write-in | 0% | 153 | 0 | |
| Total Votes | 9,420,039 | 29 | |||
| Election results via: Florida Division of Elections | |||||
Florida presidential election results (1900-2024)
- 17 Democratic wins
- 15 Republican wins
| Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winning Party | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | D | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | D | R | R | D | D | R | R | R |
See also
| Florida | State Legislative Elections | News and Analysis |
|---|---|---|
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2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014 2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 |
|
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Associated Press, "AP Decision Notes: What to expect in Florida's state primaries," August 16, 2024
- ↑ CNalysis, "Florida," accessed October 20, 2024
- ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Democrats field candidates in every Florida legislative race. Does it matter?" June 14, 2024
- ↑ Vote Smart, "Ed Hooper's Biography," accessed October 20, 2024
- ↑ Florida Politics, "Ed Hooper on track for easy win in SD 21 GOP Primary," August 19, 2024
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines a seat as open if the incumbent did not file to run for re-election or filed but withdrew and did not appear on any ballot for his or her seat. If the incumbent withdrew from or did not participate in the primary but later chose to seek re-election to his or her seat as a third party or independent candidate, the seat would not be counted as open. If the incumbent retired or ran for a different seat in the same chamber, his or her original seat would be counted as open unless another incumbent from the same chamber filed to run for that seat, in which case it would not be counted as open due to the presence of an incumbent.
- ↑ ABC 33/40, "Abortion, marijuana ballot measures may boost Florida voter turnout" accessed June 17, 2024
- ↑ USA Today, "Abortion, marijuana measures raise hope for Democrats in Trump's home state" accessed June 17, 2024
- ↑ WCJB, "Florida Democrats optimistic about election with abortion measure on November ballot" accessed June 17, 2024
- ↑ The New York Times, "Democrats See Glimmers of Hope in Florida. Are They Seeing Things?" accessed June 17, 2024
- ↑ NOTUS, "Republicans Think Abortion Rights Supporters Will Vote for Them Too" accessed June 21, 2024
- ↑ Floridians Protecting Freedom, "Home," accessed May 17, 2023
- ↑ Florida Voice for the Unborn, "Home," accessed December 21, 2023
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 97, Section 012," accessed March 6, 2025 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "flstatute99.012" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 061," accessed March 6, 2025
- ↑ Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 092," accessed March 6, 2025
- ↑ Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 095," accessed March 6, 2025
- ↑ Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 061," accessed March 6, 2025
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedflstatute99.021 - ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "Candidate Qualifying Information," accessed December 16, 2103
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Florida Constitution, "Article III, Section 15(d)," accessed November 22, 2016
