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2025 Alabama legislative session

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2025 Alabama legislative session
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General information
Scheduled session start:    February 4, 2025

Scheduled session end:    May 15, 2025

Leadership
Senate President
Will Ainsworth (R)

House Speaker
Nathaniel Ledbetter (R)
Majority Leader
Senate: Steve Livingston (R)
House: Scott Stadthagen (R)
Minority Leader
Senate: Bobby Singleton (D)
House: Anthony Daniels (D)

Elections
Next Election:    November 3, 2026

Last Election:    November 8, 2022

Previous legislative sessions
2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018
Other 2025 legislative sessions


In 2025, the Alabama State Legislature was scheduled to convene on February 4 and adjourn on May 15.

The legislators serving in this session took office following the 2022 elections. Republicans won a 27-8 majority in the Senate and a 75-28 majority in the House. The party also controlled the governorship, creating a Republican state government trifecta. At the start of the 2025 session, Alabama was one of 20 state legislatures where Republicans had a veto-proof supermajority in both chambers.

At the beginning of the 2025 legislative session:
  • Republicans held a majority in the Alabama state House and state Senate.
  • Alabama was one of 23 Republican state government trifectas.
  • Alabama's governor was Republican Kay Ivey.

    • Leadership in 2025

    See also: Leadership positions in state legislatures

    Alabama State Senate

    Alabama House of Representatives

    Partisan control in 2025

    See also: State government trifectas

    Alabama was one of 23 Republican state government trifectas at the start of 2025 legislative sessions. A state government trifecta occurs when one political party holds the governor's office, a majority in the state Senate, and a majority in the state House. For more information about state government trifectas, click here.

    Alabama was also one of 20 state legislatures where Republicans had a veto-proof supermajority in both chambers. Veto overrides occur when a legislature votes to reverse a veto issued by an executive such as a governor or the president. If one party has a majority in a state legislature that is large enough to override a gubernatorial veto without any votes from members of the minority party, it is called a veto-proof majority or, sometimes, a supermajority. To read more about veto-proof supermajorities in state legislatures, click here.

    The following tables show the partisan breakdown of the Alabama State Legislature in the 2025 legislative session.

    Alabama State Senate

    Party As of January 2025
         Democratic Party 8
         Republican Party 27
    Total 35

    Alabama House of Representatives

    Party As of January 2025
         Democratic Party 29
         Republican Party 76
    Total 105

    Regular session

    The list below shows up to 25 pieces of legislation in the 2025 legislative session that most recently passed both chambers of the legislature, were signed by the governor, or were approved by the legislature in a veto override. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation has met these criteria yet in 2025. This information is provided by BillTrack50.

    Legislation trackers

    See also: Legislation Trackers

    Ballotpedia’s legislation trackers are your go-to resource for staying on top of key legislative topics. We capture any bill introduced on the topic across all of the 50 state legislatures, and we track the movement of the bill every step of the way. We provide real-time updates and translate legislative legalese into easily understandable language. As of the 2025 session, Ballotpedia provided tracking on the following topics. Click on the links below to view related bills from the 2025 session:

    Standing legislative committees

    See also: Standing committee and List of committees in Alabama state government


    A standing committee of a state legislature is a committee that exists on a more-or-less permanent basis, from legislative session to session, that considers and refines legislative bills that fall under the committee's subject matter.

    At the beginning of the 2025 legislative session, there were 73 standing committees in Alabama's state government, including 20 joint legislative committees, 20 state Senate committees, and 33 state House committees.

    Joint legislative committees

    Senate committees

    House committees

    Legislatively referred constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods by which the Alabama Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Article XVIII of the Alabama Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Alabama

    The Alabama Constitution provides two mechanisms for amending the state's constitution: a legislative process and a state constitutional convention. Alabama requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    A 60% vote is required from both chambers of the Alabama State Legislature during one legislative session to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 63 votes in the Alabama House of Representatives and 21 votes in the Alabama State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to the Alabama Constitution, a simple majority in each chamber during one legislative session is required to send a constitutional convention question to voters. A simple majority vote by the electorate is required to call the convention. Any proposed amendments approved by the convention require a simple majority vote of the electorate to be ratified.


    Historical partisan control

    The table below depicts the historical trifecta status of Alabama.

    Alabama Party Control: 1992-2025
    Six years of Democratic trifectas  •  Fifteen years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
    Governor R D D R R R R D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R


    Historical Senate control

    Republicans won control of the Alabama State Senate in 2010. In 2022, they won a 27-8 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Alabama Senate following every general election from 1990 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Alabama State Senate election results: 1990-2022

    Year '90 '94 '98 '02 '06 '10 '14 '18 '22
    Democrats 28 23 23 25 23 12 8 8 8
    Republicans 7 12 12 10 12 22 26 27 27

    Before 1990

    Democrats held majorities over the Whig Party for most of the early 1800s. After a brief period of Republican control following the Civil War, Democrats began winning large majorities. From 1902 to 1978, the Democratic advantage over Republicans never fell below 34-1. Republicans won three seats in the chamber in 1983 through special elections that were ordered after a federal court struck down the 1982 legislative map for violating the 1965 Voting Rights Act.[1][2]

    Historical House control

    Republicans won control of the Alabama House of Representatives in 2010. Republicans gained a 77-28 majority in 2022.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Alabama House following every general election from 1990 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Alabama House of Representatives election results: 1990-2022

    Year '90 '94 '98 '02 '06 '10 '14 '18 '22
    Democrats 82 74 69 64 62 39 33 28 28
    Republicans 23 31 36 41 43 66 72 77 77

    Before 1990

    Democratic majorities dated back to 1837 when Democrats competed with the Whig Party. Democrats usually held around a 20-seat advantage. After a brief period of Republican control following the Civil War, Democrats regularly held all but a few seats in the chamber until 1983 when Republicans gained 12 seats in special elections. The elections were ordered after a federal court struck down the 1982 legislative map for violating the 1965 Voting Rights Act.[3][4]

    Analysis

    Adopted legislation, 2011-2024

    See also: The State Legislative Decade - Alabama

    In 2024, Ballotpedia released analysis of bills enacted in each state in the preceding decade. The charts and table below detail legislation passed each year by party sponsorship.

    See also

    Elections Alabama State Government State Legislatures State Politics
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    Alabama State Flag-Close Up.jpg
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    State Courts-Tile image.png

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ New York Times, "Dominant Democratic Party in Alabama takes liberal turn," October 25, 1983
    2. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "1980s Redistricting Case Summaries," January 13, 2016
    3. ↑ New York Times, "Dominant Democratic Party in Alabama takes liberal turn," October 25, 1983
    4. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "1980s Redistricting Case Summaries," January 13, 2016
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