Florida State Senate: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{New chambers infobox | ||
| | |Party = Republican | ||
|Chamber = Florida State Senate | |Chamber = Florida State Senate | ||
| | |Flag = Flag_of_Florida.png | ||
<!--Level 2--> | <!--Level 2--> | ||
| | |Party control = [[Republican Party]] | ||
|Term | |Session start= {{SLP sessions start dates|State= Florida}} | ||
| | |Session end = {{SLP sessions end dates|State= Florida}} | ||
| | |Term length = [[Length of terms of state senators|2-4-4 year system]] | ||
|Term limits = [[State legislatures with term limits| 2 terms (8 years)]] | |||
|Redistricting = [[Redistricting in Florida|Legislature-dominant]] | |||
|Salary = [[Comparison of state legislative salaries|$29,697/year]] + per diem | |||
<!--Level 3--> | <!--Level 3--> | ||
|Senate | |Total = 40 | ||
| | |Democrats = <APIWidget where="offices.level = 'State' and offices.branch='Legislative' and offices.chamber = 'Upper' and state = 'FL' and party.name = 'Democratic Party' and officeholders.status IN ('Current', 'Acting') " template='PartyCounter' /> | ||
| | |Republicans = <APIWidget where="offices.level = 'State' and offices.branch='Legislative' and offices.chamber = 'Upper' and state = 'FL' and party.name = 'Republican Party' and officeholders.status IN ('Current', 'Acting') " template='PartyCounter' /> | ||
|Vacancies = <APIWidget where="offices.level = 'State' and offices.branch='Legislative' and offices.chamber = 'Upper' and state = 'FL' and offices.name != 'Florida State Senate' " template='VacancyCounter' /> | |||
|Other = <APIWidget where="offices.level = 'State' and offices.branch='Legislative' and offices.chamber = 'Upper' and state = 'FL' and NOT party.name IN ('Republican Party','Democratic Party') and officeholders.status = 'Current' " template='PartyCounter' /> | |||
|President = {{Current Senate President|Florida|partyletter}} | |||
|Maj. Leader = {{Current Senate Majority Leader|Florida|partyletter}} | |||
|Min. Leader = {{Current Senate Minority Leader|Florida|partyletter}} | |||
<!-- Level 4--> | <!-- Level 4--> | ||
| | |Next election = {{Next state legislative election dates|state=FloridaSenate}} | ||
|Last election = {{Last state legislative election dates|state=FloridaSenate}} | |||
|Building = | |||
}} | |||
|Last election = | |||
The '''Florida State Senate''' is the [[upper house|upper chamber]] of the [[Florida State Legislature]]. Alongside the [[Florida House of Representatives]], it forms the legislative branch of the Florida state government and works alongside the [[Governor of Florida|governor of Florida]] to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Florida State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes. | |||
The Florida State Senate meets in the state capitol complex in [[Tallahassee, Florida]]. | |||
{{TLDRchambers | |||
| Twenty of the Florida Senate's 40 seats {{Greener|start=11/3/2024 6:00pm CST|before=are|after=were}} up for election in [[State legislative elections, 2026|2026]]. | |||
| Twenty of the Florida Senate's 40 seats {{Greener|start=11/05/2024 6:00pm CST|before=are|after=were}} up for election in [[State legislative elections, 2024|2024]]. The chamber's Republican majority remained 28-12. | |||
|<APIWidget template="TrifectaTriplexSentence" where="state.name = 'Florida'" extra_params='{"scope":"state","type":"trifecta", "hideptag":true}' />}} | |||
This page contains the following information on the Florida State Senate. | |||
*Which party [[#Party control|controls the chamber]] | |||
*The chamber's [[#Members|current membership]] | |||
*Partisan control of the chamber [[#Historical party control|over time]] | |||
*[[#Elections|Elections]] in the chamber and how vacancies are filled | |||
*A [[#District map|district map]] | |||
*How [[#Redistricting|redistricting]] works in the state | |||
*[[#Legislation|Legislation]] currently under consideration | |||
*[[#Sessions|Legislative session dates]] | |||
*[[#Legislative roles and procedures|Legislative procedures]], such as veto overrides and the state budget process | |||
*A list of [[#Committees|committees]] | |||
=== | ==Party control== | ||
:: | ===Current partisan control=== | ||
The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Florida State Senate as of {{#time:F Y}}: | |||
{{FLsenatepartisan}} | |||
==Members== | |||
===Leadership=== | |||
The president of the Senate is selected by the majority party caucus and then elected by the full membership of the Senate. The president pro tempore is selected by the president of the Senate and elected by the full membership of the Senate.<ref>[https://www.flsenate.gov/Reference/Glossary ''Florida State Senate'', "Senate Glossary," accessed February 11, 2021]</ref><ref>[https://www.flsenate.gov/Offices/President ''Florida State Senate'', "Offices," accessed February 11, 2021]</ref> | |||
=== | ===Leadership and members=== | ||
*'''Senate president:''' {{Current Senate President|Florida|partyletter}} | |||
*'''Majority leader:''' {{Current Senate Majority Leader|Florida|partyletter}} | |||
*'''Minority leader:''' {{Current Senate Minority Leader|Florida|partyletter}} | |||
<APIWidget where="offices.name like 'Florida State Senate District %'" template='OfficeholdersTable' extra_params='{"fields":"office, name, party, date assumed office"}' /> | |||
=== | ===Salaries=== | ||
::''See also: [[ | :: ''See also: [[Comparison of state legislative salaries]]'' | ||
{{State legislative salaries|State=Florida}} | |||
= | |||
=== | ===Swearing in dates=== | ||
::''See also: [[ | :: ''See also: [[When state legislators assume office after a general election]]'' | ||
Florida legislators assume office on the day they are elected in the general election.<ref>[http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?mode=constitution&submenu=3#A3S15 ''Florida Constitution'', "Article III, Section 15(d)," accessed November 22, 2016]</ref> | |||
=== | ===Membership qualifications=== | ||
::''See also: [[ | ::''See also: [[State legislature candidate requirements by state]]'' | ||
<section begin=SenateQualification/>[[Article III, Florida Constitution#Section 15|Article III, Section 15]] of the [[Florida Constitution]] states: "Each legislator shall be at least twenty-one years of age, an elector and resident of the district from which elected and shall have resided in the state for a period of two years prior to election."<ref>[https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Constitution#A3S15 ''The Florida Senate'', "Constitution of the State of Florida," accessed February 10, 2023]</ref><section end=SenateQualification/> | |||
=== | <section begin=FLSenateHistory/> | ||
==Historical party control== | |||
{{FL Senate History}} | |||
{{ | |||
=== | ===Trifecta history=== | ||
A '''[[State government trifectas|state government trifecta]]''' is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Florida was under the following types of trifecta control: | |||
*Democratic trifecta: 1992 | |||
*Republican trifecta: 1999-2009, 2011-2023 | |||
{{ | *Divided government: 1993-1998, 2010 | ||
= | {{Florida Trifectas}} | ||
<section end=FLSenateHistory/> | |||
==Elections== | ==Elections== | ||
=== | ===Elections by year=== | ||
{{FL Senate elections}} | |||
===Term limits=== | |||
:: ''See also: [[State legislatures with term limits]]'' | |||
=== | <section begin=SenateLimits/>The [[Florida State Legislature|Florida legislature]] is one of [[state legislatures with term limits|16 state legislatures with term limits]]. Voters enacted the [[Florida Term Limits, Amendment 9 (1992)|Florida Term Limits Act]] in 1992. That initiative said that Florida senators are subject to [[term limits]] of no more than two four-year terms. | ||
:: ''See also: [[ | |||
The first year that the [[term limits]] enacted in 1992 impacted the ability of incumbents to run for office was in 2000.<ref>[http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?Mode=Constitution&Submenu=3&Tab=statutes#A6 ''Florida State Legisature'', "Florida Constitution," accessed February 11. 2021]</ref><section end=SenateLimits/> | |||
===Vacancies=== | ===Vacancies=== | ||
:: ''See also: [[How vacancies are filled in state legislatures]]''{{ | :: ''See also: [[How vacancies are filled in state legislatures]]'' | ||
{{#section:How vacancies are filled in state legislatures|fllegvacancies}} | |||
{{SLPvacanciesmap}} | |||
== | ==District map== | ||
:: ''See also: [[ | :: ''See also: [[Florida state legislative districts]]'' | ||
The state of Florida has 40 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator. | |||
Use the interactive map below to find your district. | |||
{{DistrictMap2022disclaimerWithRedistricting}} | |||
<APIWidget template="DistrictMap" where= "districts.type='State Legislative (Upper)' and state='FL' "/> | |||
==Redistricting== | ==Redistricting== | ||
:: ''See also: [[Redistricting in Florida]] | ::''See also: [[Redistricting in Florida]]'' | ||
{{#section:Redistricting in Florida |redistrictingstateprocess}} | |||
===2020=== | |||
::''See also: [[Redistricting in Florida after the 2020 census]]'' | |||
{{#section: Redistricting in Florida after the 2020 census|enactedslpmapsummary2}} | |||
====District map after 2020 redistricting==== | |||
Below is the state Senate map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle. | |||
<APIWidget template="RedistrictingMap" where= "districts.type = 'State Legislative (Upper)' and districts.state = 'FL' " /> | |||
== | ===2010=== | ||
::''See also: [[Redistricting in Florida after the 2010 census]]'' | |||
:: ''See also: [[ | |||
The | Florida received its 2010 local census data on March 16, 2011. The state population increased by 2.8 million residents, or 17.6 percent.<ref>[http://www.naplesnews.com/news/2010/dec/21/florida-picks-2-congressional-seats-census-shows/ ''Naples News,'' "Florida picks up 2 congressional seats, 2010 Census shows," December 21, 2010]</ref> The 2010 redistricting process was impacted by [[Florida Legislative District Boundaries, Amendment 5 (2010)|Amendment 5]], passed by voters in 2010, which established that legislative district boundaries had to be drawn so that they used city, county, and geographical boundaries, and were as equal in population as possible.<ref>[http://blogs.creativeloafing.com/dailyloaf/2010/01/22/fair-districts-florida-makes-it-on-2010-ballot/ ''The Daily Loaf'', "Fair Districts Florida makes it on 2010 ballot," January 22, 2010]</ref> | ||
[ | |||
The Senate redistricting committee approved a proposed map on January 11, which ultimately received final approval from the [[Florida State Legislature]] on February 9. The legislative maps were approved 80-37 in the [[Florida House of Representatives|House]] and 31-7 in the Senate, moving to the Florida Supreme Court for approval.<ref>[http://miami.cbslocal.com/2012/03/27/florida-house-approves-new-senate-redistricting-plan/ ''CBS Miami'', "Florida House Approves New Senate Redistricting Plan," accessed April 22, 2015]</ref> On March 10, the [[Florida Supreme Court|Florida Supreme Court]] issued a 234-page decision rejecting the state’s new Senate maps, while upholding the new House districts and providing an interpretation of the state's [[Florida Legislative District Boundaries, Amendment 5 (2010)|2010 redistricting reform amendment]]. The Court found that eight districts had been drawn to favor incumbents and thus violated the state's legislative redistricting amendment. In addition, the court found that districts had been renumbered in order to allow select incumbents to serve longer terms.<ref>[http://www.wjhg.com/news/headlines/Florida_Supreme_Court_Justices_Reject_Senate_Redistricting_Plan_142071103.html ''WJHJ,'' "Florida Supreme Court Justices Reject Senate Redistricting Plan," March 9, 2012]</ref> The Legislature modified 24 districts on the map and sent it back to the Court, who approved it on April 27. Three days later it was approved by the [[Voting Rights Act|U.S. Department of Justice]].<ref>[http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-04-30/news/os-justice-approves-redistricting-maps-20120430_1_congressional-map-congressional-districts-minority-voting-rights ''Orlando Sentinel,'' "State congressional, legislative districts approved by Justice Department," April 30, 2012]</ref><ref>[http://www.local10.com/news/Florida-redistricting-plans-get-final-passage/8623204 ''local10.com'', "Florida redistricting plans get final passage," accessed April 22, 2015]</ref> | |||
The | |||
== | ==Sessions== | ||
===Legislation=== | |||
The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Florida State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by [https://billtrack50.com/ BillTrack50]. | |||
<html><iframe src="https://www.billtrack50.com/Public/Stakeholder/pDHLin5KW0OIWK4yDirPwA/Embedded" width="100%" height ="600px" ></iframe></html> | |||
=== | ===Dates of legislative sessions in Florida by year=== | ||
{{FLsession}} | |||
===About legislative sessions in Florida=== | |||
The [[United States Constitution#Amendments|Tenth Amendment]] of the [[United States Constitution|U.S. Constitution]] declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.<ref>[http://constitution.findlaw.com/amendment10.html ''Find Law'', "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017]</ref> State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, [[Legislatively referred constitutional amendment|legislatively referred constitutional amendments]], and bills that become law. | |||
[[Article III, Florida Constitution| Article III of the Florida Constitution]] establishes when the Legislature is to be in session. Section 3 of Article III states that the regular session of the Legislature is to convene on the second Tuesday after the first Monday in March of each odd-numbered year and on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January of each even-numbered year. Regular sessions of the Legislature are not to exceed sixty days, unless extended by a three-fifths vote of each house. | |||
Section 3 also allows for the convening of special sessions, either by the proclamation of the [[governor of Florida]] or as otherwise provided by law. | |||
Florida | ==Legislative roles and procedures== | ||
Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes [[Florida State Senate #Veto overrides|'''veto overrides''']], [[Florida State Senate #Role in state budget|'''the role of the legislature in the state budget''']], [[Florida State Senate #Term Limits|'''term limits''']], and [[Florida State Senate #Vacancies|'''procedures for filling membership vacancies''']]. | |||
=== | ===Veto overrides=== | ||
{ | {{Template:Florida veto override}} | ||
===Role in state budget=== | |||
::''See also: [[Florida state budget and finances]]'' | |||
| | {{PLP state general|State=Florida}} | ||
{{Florida budget process}} | |||
==Committees== | |||
::''See also: [[List of committees in Florida state government]]'' | |||
Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint. | |||
*'''Standing committees''' are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session. | |||
*'''Select or special committees''' are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations. | |||
*'''Joint committees''' are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature. | |||
Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Florida State Senate has <APIWidget where= "category='State senate standing committees' and state='FL' " = template='CommitteesListCount' extra_params='{"type":"count"}' />: | |||
<APIWidget where= " state = 'FL' and category = 'State senate standing committees' " = template='CommitteesListCount' extra_params='{"type":"list"}' /> | |||
==Constitutional amendments== | |||
{{LegReferralsChamberPage|State = Florida | VoteTotals = Yes}} | |||
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==See also== | |||
{|class="wikitable;" style="width=90%" text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Florida | !style="width:25%; text-align:center"|[[Florida elections, 2026|Elections]] | ||
|[[ | !style="width:25%; text-align:center"|[[Florida | Florida State Government]] | ||
| | !style="width:25%; text-align:center"|[[State Legislatures]] | ||
| | !style="width:25%; text-align:center"|[[State Politics]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Florida State | |[[File:Ballotpedia_Elections_Badge-VOTE-no_shadow-Square.jpg|150px|center|link=]]||[[File:Florida State Flag-Close Up.jpg|150px|center|link=]]||[[File:State Houses-Tile image.png|150px|center|link=]]||[[File:State Courts-Tile image.png|150px|center|link=]] | ||
|[[ | |||
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|- | |- | ||
| [[Florida State Senate | | | ||
*[[Florida State Senate elections, 2026]] | |||
*[[Florida State Senate elections, 2024]] | |||
*[[Florida State Senate elections, 2022]] | |||
*[[Florida State Senate elections, 2020]] | |||
*[[Florida State Senate elections, 2018]] | |||
| | || | ||
*[[Florida State Legislature]] | |||
*[[Florida House of Representatives]] | |||
*[[Governor of Florida]] | |||
*[[Florida Supreme Court]] | |||
| | || | ||
*State legislative elections: [[State legislative elections, 2026|2026]], [[State legislative elections, 2025|2025]], [[State legislative elections, 2024|2024]], [[State legislative elections, 2023|2023]], [[State legislative elections, 2022|2022]], [[State legislative elections, 2021|2021]], [[State legislative elections, 2020|2020]], [[State legislative elections, 2019|2019]], and [[State legislative elections, 2018|2018]] | |||
| | |||
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*[[State government trifectas]] | |||
*[[State government triplexes]] | |||
*[[State executive officials|State executives]] | |||
*[[State courts]] | |||
*[[Ballot Measures overview|Ballot measures]] | |||
*[[The State Legislative Decade]] | |||
|} | |} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://flsenate.gov/ Florida State Senate] | |||
==Footnotes== | |||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{state legislatures}} | |||
{{Florida}} | |||
[[Category:State senates]] | [[Category:State senates]] | ||
[[Category:Florida State Senate]] | [[Category:Florida State Senate]] | ||
{{SLP collapsible section scripts}} | |||
Latest revision as of 21:26, 10 December 2025
| Florida State Senate | |
 | |
| General Information | |
| Party control: | Republican |
| Session start: | March 4, 2025 |
| Session end: | June 16, 2025 |
| Term length: | 2-4-4 year system |
| Term limits: | 2 terms (8 years) |
| Redistricting: | Legislature-dominant |
| Salary: | $29,697/year + per diem |
| Members | |
| Total: | 40 |
| Democrats: | 11 |
| Republicans: | 27 |
| Other: | 1 |
| Vacancies: | 1 |
| Leadership | |
| President: | Ben Albritton (R) |
| Maj. Leader: | Jim Boyd (R) |
| Min. Leader: | Lori Berman (D) |
| Elections | |
| Last election: | November 5, 2024 |
| Next election: | November 3, 2026 |
The Florida State Senate is the upper chamber of the Florida State Legislature. Alongside the Florida House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Florida state government and works alongside the governor of Florida to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Florida State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.
The Florida State Senate meets in the state capitol complex in Tallahassee, Florida.
This page contains the following information on the Florida State Senate.
- Which party controls the chamber
- The chamber's current membership
- Partisan control of the chamber over time
- Elections in the chamber and how vacancies are filled
- A district map
- How redistricting works in the state
- Legislation currently under consideration
- Legislative session dates
- Legislative procedures, such as veto overrides and the state budget process
- A list of committees
Party control
Current partisan control
The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Florida State Senate as of December 2025:
| As of December 2025 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Party | Members | |
| Democratic | 11 | |
| Republican | 27 | |
| Other | 1 | |
| Vacancies | 1 | |
| Total | 40 | |
Members
Leadership
The president of the Senate is selected by the majority party caucus and then elected by the full membership of the Senate. The president pro tempore is selected by the president of the Senate and elected by the full membership of the Senate.[1][2]
Leadership and members
- Senate president: Ben Albritton (R)
- Majority leader: Jim Boyd (R)
- Minority leader: Lori Berman (D)
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2025[3] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $29,697/year | $175/day for a maximum of 60 days. |
Swearing in dates
Florida legislators assume office on the day they are elected in the general election.[4]
Membership qualifications
Article III, Section 15 of the Florida Constitution states: "Each legislator shall be at least twenty-one years of age, an elector and resident of the district from which elected and shall have resided in the state for a period of two years prior to election."[5]
Historical party control
Republicans won control of the Florida State Senate in 1994. In 2024, they won a 28-12 majority.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Florida Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Florida State Senate election results: 1992-2024
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 | '22 | '24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 20* | 19 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 12 | 12 |
| Republicans | 20* | 21 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 24 | 28 | 28 |
Before 1992
Democrats had controlled the Florida State Senate since the 1876 elections, which came in the aftermath of the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Trifecta history
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Florida was under the following types of trifecta control:
- Democratic trifecta: 1992
- Republican trifecta: 1999-2009, 2011-2023
- Divided government: 1993-1998, 2010
Florida Party Control: 1992-2025
One year of a Democratic trifecta • Twenty-six years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | I | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Elections
Elections by year
Florida state senators serve 2-4-4 terms, where senators serve one two-year term and two four-year terms each decade. Florida holds elections for its legislature in even years.
2026
- See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2026
Elections for the Florida State Senate will take place in 2026. The general election is on November 3, 2026.
2024
- See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2024
Elections for the Florida State Senate took place in 2024. The general election was on November 5, 2024. The primary was August 20, 2024. The filing deadline was June 14, 2024.
In the 2024 elections, Republicans went from a 28-11 majority with one vacancy to 28-12.
| Florida State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 5, 2024 | After November 6, 2024 | |
| Democratic Party | 11 | 12 | |
| Republican Party | 28 | 28 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 40 | 40 | |
2022
- See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2022
Elections for the Florida State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 23, 2022. The filing deadline was June 17, 2022.
In the 2022 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Florida State Senate from 23-16 with one vacancy to 28-12.
| Florida State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 8, 2022 | After November 9, 2022 | |
| Democratic Party | 16 | 12 | |
| Republican Party | 23 | 28 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 40 | 40 | |
2020
- See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2020
Elections for the office of Florida State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 18, 2020. The filing deadline was June 12, 2020.
In the 2020 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Florida State Senate from 23-17 to 24-16.
| Florida State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 3, 2020 | After November 4, 2020 | |
| Democratic Party | 17 | 16 | |
| Republican Party | 23 | 24 | |
| Total | 40 | 40 | |
2018
- See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2018
Elections for the Florida State Senate took place in 2018. A closed primary election took place on August 28, 2018.[6] The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was June 22, 2018.[7]
In the 2018 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Florida State Senate from 22-16 to 23-17.
| Florida State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
| Democratic Party | 16 | 17 | |
| Republican Party | 22 | 23 | |
| Vacancy | 2 | 0 | |
| Total | 40 | 40 | |
2016
- See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2016
Elections for the Florida State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on August 30, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was June 24, 2016. Following a court-ordered redrawing of the state Senate map in 2015, all 40 seats were up for election in 2016.
Heading into the election, Republicans held a 26-14 majority. Republicans lost one seat in the election, giving them a 25-15 majority.
| Florida State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 7, 2016 | After November 8, 2016 | |
| Democratic Party | 14 | 15 | |
| Republican Party | 26 | 25 | |
| Total | 40 | 40 | |
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2014
Elections for the Florida State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on August 26, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was June 20, 2014. State senate seats in the even-numbered districts were on the ballot in 2012. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 26-14 majority. No partisan change occurred in the election.
2012
Elections for the office of Florida State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on August 14, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was May 7, 2012. A total of 40 seats were up for election. Although Florida senators typically serve four-year terms, they are elected to a two-year term during the first election of the decade. Thus, rather than only half of all senators being up for election, all sitting members were on the ballot in 2012. Florida state senators are subject to term limits and may serve no more than two four-year terms. In 2012, 10 state senators were termed-out. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 28-12 majority. Republicans lost two seats in the election, giving them a 26-14 majority.
2010
Elections for the office of Florida State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on August 24, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was April 30, 2010. State senate seats in the even-numbered districts were on the ballot in 2010. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 26-13 majority. Republicans gained two seats the election, giving them a 28-12 majority.
2008
Elections for the office of Florida State Senate consisted of a primary election on August 26, 2008, and a general election on November 4, 2008. During the 2008 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $13,201,165. The top 10 contributors were:[9]
2006
Elections for the office of Florida State Senate consisted of a primary election on September 5, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006. During the 2006 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $16,698,450. The top 10 contributors were:[10]
2004
Elections for the office of Florida State Senate consisted of a primary election on August 31, 2004, and a general election on November 2, 2004. During the 2004 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $4,973,600. The top 10 contributors were:[11]
2002
Elections for the office of Florida State Senate consisted of a primary election on September 10, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002. During the 2002 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $13,012,199. The top 10 contributors were:[12]
2000
Elections for the office of Florida State Senate consisted of a primary election on September 5, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000. During the 2000 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $12,151,845. The top 10 contributors were:[13]
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Term limits
- See also: State legislatures with term limits
The Florida legislature is one of 16 state legislatures with term limits. Voters enacted the Florida Term Limits Act in 1992. That initiative said that Florida senators are subject to term limits of no more than two four-year terms.
The first year that the term limits enacted in 1992 impacted the ability of incumbents to run for office was in 2000.[14]
Vacancies
If there is a vacancy in the Florida State Legislature, a special election must be called to fill the vacant seat.[15] The governor is responsible for calling the election and must consult with the secretary of state to set the election dates and nominating deadlines.[16] The person elected to fill the seat serves for the remainder of the unexpired term.[17]
See sources: Florida Stat. § 100.101
District map
- See also: Florida state legislative districts
The state of Florida has 40 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.
Use the interactive map below to find your district.
Redistricting
- See also: Redistricting in Florida
In Florida, both congressional and state legislative district lines are drawn by the state legislature. Congressional lines are adopted as regular legislation and are subject to gubernatorial veto. State legislative lines are passed via joint resolution and are not subject to gubernatorial veto. State legislative district maps are automatically submitted to the Florida Supreme Court for approval. In the event that the court rejects the lines, the legislature is given a second chance to draft a plan. If the legislature cannot approve a state legislative redistricting plan, the state attorney general must ask the state supreme court to draft a plan. There are no similar procedures in place for congressional districts.[18]
The Florida Constitution requires that all districts, whether congressional or state legislative, be contiguous. Also, "where doing so does not conflict with minority rights, [districts] must be compact and utilize existing political and geographical boundaries where feasible." Districts cannot be drawn in such a way as to "favor or disfavor a political party or incumbent."[18][19]
2020
On March 3, 2022, the Florida Supreme Court approved new legislative maps drawn by the Florida State Legislature. These maps took effect for Florida's 2022 legislative elections.
The maps were passed by the legislature as a joint resolution. The Florida State Senate voted 34-3 to approve the bill on January 20, and the Florida House of Representatives voted 77-39 to approve the bill on February 2.[20] Since the maps were passed as a joint resolution, they did not require the signature of Gov. Ron DeSantis (R) to become law. After the legislature approved the maps, they submitted them to Attorney General Ashley B. Moody (R), who then petitioned the Florida Supreme Court to review the maps on February 9.[21][22]
District map after 2020 redistricting
Below is the state Senate map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.
Florida State Senate Districts
until November 7, 2022
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Florida State Senate Districts
starting November 8, 2022
Click a district to compare boundaries.
2010
Florida received its 2010 local census data on March 16, 2011. The state population increased by 2.8 million residents, or 17.6 percent.[23] The 2010 redistricting process was impacted by Amendment 5, passed by voters in 2010, which established that legislative district boundaries had to be drawn so that they used city, county, and geographical boundaries, and were as equal in population as possible.[24]
The Senate redistricting committee approved a proposed map on January 11, which ultimately received final approval from the Florida State Legislature on February 9. The legislative maps were approved 80-37 in the House and 31-7 in the Senate, moving to the Florida Supreme Court for approval.[25] On March 10, the Florida Supreme Court issued a 234-page decision rejecting the state’s new Senate maps, while upholding the new House districts and providing an interpretation of the state's 2010 redistricting reform amendment. The Court found that eight districts had been drawn to favor incumbents and thus violated the state's legislative redistricting amendment. In addition, the court found that districts had been renumbered in order to allow select incumbents to serve longer terms.[26] The Legislature modified 24 districts on the map and sent it back to the Court, who approved it on April 27. Three days later it was approved by the U.S. Department of Justice.[27][28]
Sessions
Legislation
The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Florida State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.
Dates of legislative sessions in Florida by year
2025
In 2025, the legislature was scheduled to convene on March 4, 2025, and adjourn on June 16, 2025.
| Click [show] for past years' session dates. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
2024In 2024, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 9, 2024, and adjourn on March 8, 2024. 2023In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on March 7, 2023, and adjourn on May 5, 2023. 2022In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 11, 2022, and adjourn on March 14, 2022. 2021In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on March 2, 2021, and adjourn on April 30, 2021. 2020In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 14, 2020, and adjourn on March 19, 2020.
Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. No modifications to state legislative activity in Florida were made. 2019In 2019, the legislature was in session from March 5, 2019, through May 3, 2019. 2018In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 9, 2018, through March 11, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here. 2017
In 2017, the legislature was in session from March 7, 2017, through May 8, 2017. The legislature held a special session from June 7, 2017, to June 9, 2017. 2016
In 2016, the legislature was in session from January 12 through March 11. 2015
In 2015, the legislature was in session from March 3 through May 1. The first special session was held from June 1 to June 19. The second special session was held from August 10 to August 21. A third special session was held from October 19 to November 5.[29] Major issues in 2015Major issues during the 2015 legislative session included Gov. Rick Scott's (R) proposed $77 billion annual budget, water quality, and the use of testing to evaluate students across the state.[30] 2014
In 2014, the legislature was in session from March 3 through May 5. Major issues in 2014Major issues during the 2014 legislative session included creating a new budget using an $850 million surplus, a package of $500 million in tax cuts called for by the governor, Common Core, and Medicaid expansion.[31] The legislature approved several bills, including legislation that would provide stand your grand immunity for people that fire warning shots, the legalization of non-euphoric medical marijuana, and allowing students born to undocumented immigrants to receive in-state tuition rates at state universities and colleges.[32] On May 2, 2014, legislators approved a $77 billion state budget which increased spending on schools, child welfare, and the cleanup of damaged water bodies. The budget included a 5 percent raise for state law-enforcement officers and an increase for some working in the judiciary. Critics of the budget argued that the budget should have included raises for a much larger portion of state workers.[33][34] 2013
In 2013, the legislature was in session from March 5 to May 3. Major issues in 2013Major issues during the 2013 legislative session included ethics and election reforms, gambling laws, Medicaid, sales tax, and unmanned drone use by law enforcement.[35][36] 2012
In 2012, the Legislature was in session from January 10 through March 9. 2011
In 2011, the legislature was in session from March 8 through May 6. Session highlightsIn 2011, the legislature reduced government spending and avoided raising taxes. Spending was reduced by $1 billion from the previous year, and $4 billion less than in 2006. Florida also removed 14,000 businesses from corporate tax income rolls. Areas that spending was cut included education and social programs. The legislature removed funding from a veteran's homeless support group, reduced payments to social workers by 15 percent, and spent $2.5 billion less on education than the previous year.[37] 2010
In 2010, the legislature was in session from March 2nd to April 30th. |
About legislative sessions in Florida
The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[38] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.
Article III of the Florida Constitution establishes when the Legislature is to be in session. Section 3 of Article III states that the regular session of the Legislature is to convene on the second Tuesday after the first Monday in March of each odd-numbered year and on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January of each even-numbered year. Regular sessions of the Legislature are not to exceed sixty days, unless extended by a three-fifths vote of each house.
Section 3 also allows for the convening of special sessions, either by the proclamation of the governor of Florida or as otherwise provided by law.
Legislative roles and procedures
Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, term limits, and procedures for filling membership vacancies.
Veto overrides
- See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Florida are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members present in both chambers.
| Two-thirds of members present in both chambers must vote to override a veto. If all members are in attendance, this is 80 of the 120 members in the Florida House of Representatives and 27 of the 40 members in the Florida State Senate. Florida is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto. |
How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?
| Vetoes can be overridden in a special session or when the next regular session convenes.[39][40] Three-fifths of members or the presiding officers of both legislative chambers must agree to call for a special session.[41] |
Authority: Article III, Section 8 of the Florida Constitution.
| "If each house shall, by a two-thirds vote, re-enact the bill or reinstate the vetoed specific appropriation of a general appropriation bill, the vote of each member voting shall be entered on the respective journals, and the bill shall become law or the specific appropriation reinstated, the veto notwithstanding." |
Role in state budget
- See also: Florida state budget and finances
Florida on 
|
The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[42]
- In June or July, the governor sends budget instructions to state agencies.
- In September or October, agencies submit their budget requests to the governor.
- Budget hearings are held with the public from October through February.
- The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature 30 days before the legislature convenes.
- The legislature adopts a budget in March, April, or May, effective for the fiscal year beginning on July 1. A simple majority is required to pass a budget.
The governor is statutorily required to submit a balanced budget to the legislature. In turn, the legislature must pass a balanced budget, and any budget signed into law by the governor must be balanced.[42]
Florida is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[42][43]
Florida budgets three major funds: the General Fund, the Major Special Revenue Fund, and the Special Revenue Fund. Both the Major Special Revenue Fund and the Special Revenue Fund are composed of lesser funds. The Major Special Revenue Fund is composed of three lesser funds, and the Special Revenue Fund is composed of about 19 to 20 lesser funds.[44]
Committees
Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.
- Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
- Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
- Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.
Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Florida State Senate has 27 standing committees:
- Agriculture Committee
- Appropriations Committee on Agriculture, Environment, and General Government
- Appropriations Committee on Criminal and Civil Justice
- Appropriations Committee on Health and Human Services
- Appropriations Committee on Higher Education
- Appropriations Committee on Pre-K - 12 Education
- Appropriations Committee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development
- Banking and Insurance Committee
- Children, Families, and Elder Affairs Committee
- Commerce and Tourism Committee
- Community Affairs Committee
- Criminal Justice Committee
- Education Postsecondary
- Education Pre-K - 12 Committee
- Environment and Natural Resources Committee
- Ethics and Elections Committee
- Finance and Tax Committee
- Fiscal Policy
- Governmental Oversight and Accountability Committee
- Health Policy Committee
- Military and Veterans Affairs, Space, and Domestic Security
- Reapportionment Committee
- Regulated Industries Committee
- Senate Appropriations Committee
- Senate Judiciary Committee
- Senate Rules Committee
- Transportation Committee
Constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Florida Constitution can be amended:
The Florida Constitution provides five mechanisms for amending the state's constitution—a citizen-initiated process, a legislative process, a state constitutional convention process, and a commission-referral process with two commissions that have the power to refer amendments. Florida requires 60% supermajority vote for voters to approve constitutional amendments.
Article XI of the Florida Constitution provides for amendments to the constitution.
Initiative
- See also: Initiated constitutional amendment
An initiated constitutional amendment is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends a state's constitution. Eighteen (18) states allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments.
In Florida, the number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is equal to 8% of the votes cast in the last presidential election. Proponents must obtain signatures equaling at least 8% of the district-wide vote in the most recent presidential election in at least half (14) of the state's 27 congressional districts. A 60% vote is required for voter approval. In 2006, voters passed an amendment for the 60% vote requirement.
Legislature
A 60% vote is required during one legislative session for the Florida State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 72 votes in the Florida House of Representatives and 24 votes in the Florida State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot. Amendments on the ballot must be approved by 60% of voters to pass.
Convention
According to Section 4 of Article XI of the Florida Constitution, a constitutional convention can be called through an initiative petition. Proponents must collect signatures equal to 15% of the total number of votes cast in the last presidential election.
Commission-referred constitutional amendments
- See also: Commission-referred ballot measure
According to Article XI of the Florida Constitution, the Florida Constitution Revision Commission can refer constitutional amendments to the ballot. The Constitution Revision Commission convenes every 20 years, beginning in 1977. The Florida Taxation and Budget Reform Commission is also empowered to refer constitutional amendments related to taxation and the state budget to the ballot. The Taxation and Budget Reform Commission convenes every 20 years beginning in 2007. Florida is the only state with commissions empowered to refer constitutional amendments to the ballot.
See also
| Elections | Florida State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
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External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Florida State Senate, "Senate Glossary," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ Florida State Senate, "Offices," accessed February 11, 2021
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2025 Legislator Compensation," December 2, 2025
- ↑ Florida Constitution, "Article III, Section 15(d)," accessed November 22, 2016
- ↑ The Florida Senate, "Constitution of the State of Florida," accessed February 10, 2023
- ↑ Florida Department of State, "Election Dates," accessed July 21, 2017
- ↑ Florida Department of State, "Qualifying Information," accessed July 21, 2017
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed April 23, 2015
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida 2008 Candidates," accessed July 12, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida 2006 Candidates," accessed July 12, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida 2004 Candidates," accessed July 12, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida 2002 Candidates," accessed July 12, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida 2000 Candidates," accessed July 12, 2013
- ↑ Florida State Legisature, "Florida Constitution," accessed February 11. 2021
- ↑ Florida Legislature, "2023 Florida Statutes," accessed January 23, 2024 (Statute 100.101(2), Florida Election Code)
- ↑ Florida Legislature, "2023 Florida Statutes," accessed January 23, 2024 (Statute 100.141 (1) (2), Florida Election Code)
- ↑ Florida Legislature, "2023 Florida Statutes," accessed January 23, 2024 (Statute 100.111 (1) (a-c), Florida Election Code)
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 All About Redistricting, "Florida," accessed April 22, 2015
- ↑ Florida Constitution, "Article III, Sections 20-21," accessed April 22, 2015
- ↑ Florida State Senate, "CS/SJR 100: Joint Resolution of Apportionment," accessed March 3, 2022
- ↑ Florida Politics, "Florida Legislature approves redistricting maps for Senate and House," February 3, 2022
- ↑ Florida Politics, "Ashley Moody petitions court on legislative maps as congressional redistricting continues to pitter," February 9, 2022
- ↑ Naples News, "Florida picks up 2 congressional seats, 2010 Census shows," December 21, 2010
- ↑ The Daily Loaf, "Fair Districts Florida makes it on 2010 ballot," January 22, 2010
- ↑ CBS Miami, "Florida House Approves New Senate Redistricting Plan," accessed April 22, 2015
- ↑ WJHJ, "Florida Supreme Court Justices Reject Senate Redistricting Plan," March 9, 2012
- ↑ Orlando Sentinel, "State congressional, legislative districts approved by Justice Department," April 30, 2012
- ↑ local10.com, "Florida redistricting plans get final passage," accessed April 22, 2015
- ↑ WFTV, "Florida Legislature announces 19-day special session," October 6, 2015
- ↑ Fort Myers News-Press, "SWFL front and center come 2015 legislative session," January 28, 2015
- ↑ gainesville.com, "Big issues loom in next legislative session," September 22, 2013
- ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Florida Legislature 2014: What passed and what failed," May 3, 2014
- ↑ news-press.com, "State workers forgotten again in Florida budget," May 3, 2014
- ↑ bradenton.com, "Fla. legislators reach deal on spending items," April 28, 2014(Archived)
- ↑ Yahoo.com, "Florida legislature passes bill restricting drone use," April 17, 2013(Archived)
- ↑ boardroombrief.com, "Florida Legislature – 2013 session overview," May 17, 2013
- ↑ Stateline.org, "States balance budgets with cuts, not taxes," June 15, 2011(Archived)
- ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "The Veto Process," accessed June 22, 2017
- ↑ The Orlando Sentinel "Gov. Rick Scott's veto power: Tallahassee takeaways," May 18, 2017
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Special Sessions," May 6, 2009
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
- ↑ State Budget Solutions, "Florida: Background," accessed January 14, 2021
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