Election results, 2025
Ballotpedia covered thousands of elections across the country at the state and local levels. This page includes highlights from select office types.
There were two gubernatorial offices on the ballot in 2025. Abigail Spanberger (D) won one previously Republican-held governorship in Virginia, while Mikie Sherrill (D) won the governorship in New Jersey. The incumbents in both races — Phil Murphy (D) in New Jersey and Glenn Youngkin (R) in Virginia — were term-limited.
There was one attorney general office on the ballot in 2025. In Virginia, Democrat Jay Jones won control of the office, defeating the Republican incumbent Jason Miyares. The office in New Jersey was indirectly on the ballot. The Governor of New Jersey appoints the attorney general, and that office was on the ballot.
In 2025, there were no direct elections for secretary of state across the country. However, there were two elections for governor in New Jersey and Virginia. The Governor of New Jersey appoints its Secretary of State and the Governor of Virginia appoints its Secretary of the Commonwealth.
Two of the country's 99 state legislative chambers (the New Jersey General Assembly and the Virginia House of Delegates) held regularly scheduled elections in 2025. Elections in those two chambers represented 180 of the country's 7,386 state legislative seats (2.4%). Democrats increased their majorities in both chambers.
A state government trifecta describes when one political party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. As a result of the elections, Democrats won a trifecta in Virginia, which previously had a divided government, and retained their trifecta in New Jersey. This shifted the national breakdown of trifectas from, 23 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 12 divided governments where neither party held trifecta control to 23 Republican trifectas, 16 Democratic trifectas, and 11 divided governments. Heading into the elections, New Jersey had a Democratic trifecta since 2018 and Virginia had a divided government since 2022.
A state government triplex describes when one political party holds the following three positions in a state's government: governor, attorney general, and secretary of state. As a result of the elections, Democrats retained their triplex in New Jersey and Virginia changed from a Republican Republican triplex to a Democrats Democratic triplex. This shifted the national breakdown of triplexes from 25 Republican triplexes, 20 Democratic triplexes, and five divided governments where neither party held triplex control to 24 Republican triplexes, 21 Democratic triplexes, and five divided governments.
On this page, you will find:
- Election updates: A timeline of election results.
- Election results: Top-line summaries of election results across several of the race types Ballotpedia covers.
- Ballot measures: A summary of ballot measure results among the most trending topics.
- Changes in partisan control: A list of offices and chambers that changed partisan control.
- Election results by state: A map that lets you navigate to election results for a particular state.
- Types of elections: The types of elections covered on Ballotpedia.
- Election analysis: Links to all of our election analysis articles for this year's elections.
- How we decide when to call an election: Our policy for when we call elections.
Election updates
The section below provides a timeline of notable race calls in the November 4, 2025, elections. Click here to read more about our race calling policy.
- Nov. 12, 3:45 p.m.
In Seattle, Washington, Katie Wilson (D) won election as mayor.
- Nov. 5, 11:35 a.m.
In Minneapolis, Minnesota, incumbent Mayor Jacob Frey (D) was re-elected.
- Nov. 5, 9:59 a.m.
In St. Paul, Minnesota, Kaohly Her won election as mayor.
Results summary
Governors
- See also: Election results, 2025: Governors
There were two gubernatorial offices on the ballot in 2025. These elections were in New Jersey and Virginia.
Heading into the 2025 elections, 27 governors were Republicans and 23 were Democrats. The 2025 elections resulted in 26 governors being Republicans and 24 being Democrats.
Abigail Spanberger (D) won election as governor of Virginia on Nov. 4, 2025. Incumbent Gov. Glenn Youngkin (R) was term-limited and unable to run for re-election. Spanberger's win meant Virginia would change from a divided government to a Democratic trifecta.
Mikie Sherrill (D) won election as governor of New Jersey on Nov. 4, 2025. Incumbent Gov. Phil Murphy (D) was term-limited and unable to run for re-election. Sherrill's win meant New Jersey would remain a Democratic trifecta as Democrats maintained partisan control of both legislative chambers.
In the 2025 elections, Democrats gained a trifecta. As a result, there were 23 Republican trifectas, 16 Democratic trifectas, and 11 divided governments.
In the 2025 elections, Democrats gained a triplex. As a result, there were 25 Republican triplexes, 20 Democratic triplexes, and 5 divided governments where neither party holds triplex control.
Attorneys general
There was one attorney general office on the ballot in 2025. This election was in Virginia.
Jay Jones (D) defeated incumbent Jason Miyares (R). Miyares ran unopposed in the June 17 primary. No incumbents were defeated in 2023, and one was defeated in 2021, when Miyares defeated incumbent Mark Herring (D).
The results of the 2025 attorney general election and the state's gubernatorial election determined Virginia's triplex status. A triplex is when one political party holds the governor, attorney general, and secretary of state offices. In Virginia, the governor appoints the secretary of the commonwealth.
The state became a Democratic triplex with the election of Jones and Abigail Spanberger (D). It would have remained a Republican triplex if Miyares and Republican gubernatorial candidate Winsome Earle-Sears had won the elections.
Virginia switched from a Democratic to a Republican triplex following the 2021 elections of Gov. Glenn Youngkin (R) and Miyares. Youngkin appointed Kay Coles James (R) secretary of the commonwealth when he took office in 2022.
Secretary of state
Heading into the 2025 elections, there were 26 Republican secretaries of state and 21 Democratic secretaries of state. The office does not exist in Alaska, Hawaii, and Utah.
In 2025, there were no direct elections for secretary of state across the country. However, there were two elections for governor in New Jersey and Virginia in which the winner of the election could pick the next secretary of state.
In those elections, Democrats won both contests, meaning a Democratic governor will pick the next secretary of state in these states. Because Democrats gained one governorship, they also gained one secretary of state. After these elections, Republicans hold 25 secretaries of state to Democrats' 22.
State legislatures
Two of the country's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections in 2025. Elections in those two chambers represented 180 of the country's 7,386 state legislative seats (2.4%).
General elections for the New Jersey House and Virginia House took place on November 4, 2025. Democrats retained control of both chambers. In 2023, one chamber changed partisan control, with Democrats winning the Virginia House. The Virginia House was also the only chamber that changed partisan control in 2021, when Republicans won control of the chamber from Democrats.
In the 2025 elections, Democrats won 64 seats in the Virginia House to Republicans' 36, a net gain of 13 seats for Democrats. All 100 seats were up for election. As of 10:30 a.m. EST on Nov. 17, 2025, Democrats had won at least 56 seats in the New Jersey General Assembly, a net gain of four seats, and Republicans had won 22. Two seats remained uncalled.
State government trifectas
After the November 2025 elections, there were 23 Republican trifectas, 16 Democratic trifectas, and 11 divided governments. Democrats gained one trifecta, Republicans neither gained nor lost any trifectas, and there was one less divided government. Before the 2025 elections, there were 23 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 12 divided governments where neither party held trifecta control.
State government trifecta is a term to describe single-party government, when one political party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature.
The only change in trifecta status was in Virginia, which changed from a divided government to a Democratic trifecta after Abigail Spanberger (D) won the governorship and Democrats retained the Virginia House of Delegates.
New Jersey remained a Democratic trifecta, with Mikie Sherrill (D) winning the gubernatorial election and Democrats retaining the New Jersey General Assembly.
State government triplexes
After the November 2025 elections, there were 24 Republican triplexes, 21 Democratic triplexes, and five divided governments where neither party held triplex control. Democrats gained one triplex, Republicans lost one triplex, and the number of divided governments stayed the same. Before the 2025 elections, there were 25 Republican triplexes, 20 Democratic triplexes, and five divided governments.
A state government triplex is a term to describe when one political party holds the following three positions in a state's government: governor, attorney general, and secretary of state.[1] In states where the attorney general or secretary of state is appointed by the governor, Ballotpedia considers the office to be held by the governor's party for the purposes of defining triplexes.[2]
In 2025, there were triplexes on the ballot in New Jersey, which had a Democratic triplex, and in Virginia, which had a Republican triplex. New Jersey retained its Democratic trifecta by winning the governor's office, which appoints the attorney general and secretary of state. In Virginia, Democrats flipped the governor's office, which appoints the secretary of state, and the attorney general's office from Republican to Democratic.
State financial officers
Heading into the 2025 elections, there were 40 Democratic and 60 Republican state financial officers. Six officers' partisan affiliations were indeterminate.
In 2025, there were zero state financial officers directly on the ballot. However, there were two elections for governor in New Jersey and Virginia in which the winner of the election could pick at least one of these positions. Heading into the election, New Jersey had a Democratic governor, and Virginia had a Republican governor.
In those elections, Democrats won both contests, meaning a Democratic governor will pick the next financial officers in these states.
State supreme courts
Three states — Louisiana, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin — held state supreme court elections in 2025. One seat on the Louisiana Supreme Court, three seats on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, and one seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court were on the ballot. Of the five seats up for election:
- Three are held by Democratic justices.
- One was held by a Republican justice.
- One was held by a nonpartisan justice.
Neither party gained or lost control of a state court. However, Democrats expanded the number of justices they had on the Wisconsin Supreme Court. No incumbents running for re-election lost their races.
Of the states where a supreme court justice was up for election, one (33%) held a partisan election, one (33%) held a nonpartisan election, and one (33%) held a retention election.
In states where governors appoint justices, one state, New Jersey, had a governor's election in 2025 that could have affected the makeup of the state's supreme court.
In states where the state legislature selects state supreme court nominees, one state, held Virginia held elections that could have affected the makeup of the state's supreme court.
Ballotpedia identified two state supreme court races as noteworthy. These were races, which were viewed as having the potential to affect the balance of power in these states. These included elections in Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
We used three methods to determine a supreme court's partisan balance:
- Determined how many justices were registered members of a political party;
- The partisan affiliation of the governor who appointed each justice; or
- If those methods didn't work, we surveyed media coverage of the court and its decisions to determine partisan leanings.
Most states do not hold elections in odd-numbered years. Pennsylvania holds judicial elections exclusively in odd-numbered years, and Wisconsin holds judicial elections every year. Louisiana and Washington may also hold judicial elections in both even and odd years. In some years, no justice's term will end, and therefore, no election will be held.
Click here for information on state intermediate appellate court elections. Click here for information on local trial court elections.
Mayors
Eighteen of the 100 largest U.S. cities by population held general elections for mayor on November 4, 2025. This page will be updated as mayoral election results become available.
No cities had changes in mayoral partisan control as a result of the November 4 election.
Three races advanced to runoffs. Those races are in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Jersey City, New Jersey, and Miami, Florida.
Heading into the November 4, 2025, elections, the mayors of 66 of the country's 100 largest cities were affiliated with the Democratic Party. Republicans held 23 mayoral offices, Libertarians held one office, independents held three, and five mayors were nonpartisan. Two mayors' partisan affiliations were unknown.
In cities where mayoral elections are nonpartisan, Ballotpedia uses one or more of the following sources to identify each officeholder’s partisan affiliation: (1) direct communication from the officeholder, (2) current or previous candidacy for partisan office, or (3) identification of partisan affiliation by multiple media outlets.
Ballot measures
- See also: 2025 ballot measures
For 2025, 30 statewide ballot measures were certified for the ballot in nine states: California, Colorado, Louisiana, Maine, New York, Ohio, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.
- On November 4, voters in six states decided on 24 statewide ballot measures, approving 23 and rejecting one.
- Earlier in 2025, voters in three states—Louisiana, Ohio, and Wisconsin—decided on six ballot measures. Two were approved, and four were defeated.
The following table provides the number of approved and defeated state ballot measures in 2025:
| Date | Approved | Defeated |
|---|---|---|
| March 29 | 0 | 4 |
| April 1 | 1 | 0 |
| May 6 | 1 | 0 |
| November 4 | 23 | 1 |
| Total | 25 (83%) | 5 (17%) |
Click the tabs below to view election results for ballot measures on the ballot for November 4, 2025.
Voters in California decided on one statewide ballot measure, Proposition 50.
| Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proposition 50 | Allow the state to use a new, legislature-drawn congressional district map for 2026 through 2030 |
|
7,389,027 (64%) |
4,087,847 (36%) |
Types of elections
Ballotpedia covers the following types of elections at the federal, state, and local levels.
Federal
- Presidential election
- Congressional races for the U.S. House and U.S. Senate, including special elections
State
- State executive offices
- State legislative elections, including special elections
- State supreme court elections and intermediate appellate court elections
- Statewide ballot measures
Local
- Comprehensive ballot coverage for municipal elections in the top 100 U.S. cities by population, including races for the large counties that overlap them, as well as coverage of mayoral, city council, and district attorney elections in state capitals outside of the top 100 cities
- Comprehensive ballot coverage for mayoral elections in the top 100 U.S. cities by population and all state capitals
- Coverage of school board elections in 475 school districts, which includes all school districts in the 100 largest cities by population and the 200 largest school districts by student enrollment
- Local trial courts with jurisdictions overlapping the top 100 cities by population
- All local ballot measures in California, as well as ballot measures within the top 100 cities by population
Expanded local coverage
Ballotpedia is currently expanding its local election coverage on a state-by-state basis to provide information on the more than 500,000 local elected offices nationwide. This expansion included 18,974 elections in 2022, 12,624 in 2023 and 37,036 in 2024 with a goal of 30,000 in 2025, across the following states: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Click here for current-year coverage.
This expanded coverage of local elections beyond the scope described above includes:
- Election dates
- Office names
- Lists of candidates
- Additional information as available
This expanded coverage does not include election results unless otherwise specified. Additionally, this expanded coverage does not follow candidates after the election as officeholders and instead focuses on providing information to voters about the candidates on their ballots.
You can use Ballotpedia's sample ballot tool to see what local elections we are covering in your area.
Other
- Territorial elections
- Recall elections (various types)
- Election Policy
- Voting, ballot access, redistricting, etc.
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Election analysis
The section below provides links to our planned election analysis articles and estimated timeframes for when these articles will be published or updated.
- By office
- State executive officials (Updated as results come in)
- Governors (Updated as results come in)
- State government trifectas (Updated as results come in)
- State government triplexes (Updated as results come in)
- State legislatures (Updated as results come in)
- Attorneys General (Updated as results come in)
- Secretaries of State (Updated as results come in)
- State financial officers (Updated as results come in)
- State supreme courts (Updated as results come in)
- Mayors (Updated as results come in)
- State legislatures
- Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections (Published week of November 17)
- State legislative veto-proof majorities (Published week of November 17)
- State legislative seats that changed party control (Published week of November 17)
- State legislative races decided by fewer than 100 votes (Published after release of certified election results)
- State legislative margin of victory analysis (Published after release of certified election results)
- Other
- Minor party candidates who won more than the margin of victory (Published after release of certified election results)
- Incumbent win rates by state (Published after release of certified election results)
- Results of elected officials seeking other offices (Published after release of certified election results)
How we decide when to call an election
- See also: How we decide when to call an election
Ballotpedia uses two standard criteria when deciding whether to project the outcome of an election:
1.) Type of office
2.) Battleground status
For the first criteria, we make a distinction between top-ballot offices and down-ballot offices. Top-ballot offices include U.S. President, U.S. Congress, and state governor. Down-ballot offices include all other elected state, local, and territorial positions.
For the second criteria, we make a distinction between battleground elections and standard elections. We define a battleground election as one that is particularly competitive or that may have a meaningful effect on the balance of power in government. All other elections receive the standard status.
Based on the above criteria, we take the following approaches when deciding whether to project an election outcome:
- Top-ballot office, battleground status: Ballotpedia will not project a winner for these elections until there is a consensus projection made by a pair of national outlets (DDHQ and NYT). If one but not both of these outlets have called the election, or if both outlets have called the election but there is not a consensus on the outcome, Ballotpedia will refrain from projecting the election winner but will publish the calls made by each individual outlet until a consensus has been reached. Vote totals will be updated for these elections on a daily basis until the outcome has been projected, and then again once results have been certified.
- Top-ballot office, standard status: Ballotpedia will not project a winner for these elections until there is a consensus projection made by a pair of national outlets (DDHQ and NYT). If one but not both of these outlets have called the election, or if both outlets have called the election but there is not a consensus on the outcome, Ballotpedia will refrain from projecting the election winner. Vote totals will be updated for these elections on a daily basis until the outcome has been projected, and then again once results have been certified.
- Down-ballot office, battleground status: Ballotpedia will not project a winner for these elections until a credible media outlet covering the election has called it. If an election does not meet this criteria, Ballotpedia will refrain from projecting its winner until certified results are released. Otherwise, vote totals will be updated for these elections once when the election has been called and again when the results have been certified.
- Down-ballot office, standard status: Ballotpedia will not project a winner for these elections until a credible media outlet covering the election has called it or at least 95% of precincts are fully reporting and the candidate has a winning margin of at least 5 percentage points or at least 95% of ballots are counted and the candidate has a winning margin of at least 5 percentage points. If an election does not meet either criteria, Ballotpedia will refrain from projecting its winner until certified results are released. Otherwise, vote totals will be updated for these elections once when the election has been called and again when the results have been certified.
For top-ballot offices, we selected a pair of prominent outlets that freely release their election calls. Note that some outlets not listed, such as the Associated Press, only release their full list of election projections to paid partners.
Battleground races and elections for U.S. President, U.S. Congress, governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, and secretary of state will be covered night-of by Ballotpedia. All other elections may be covered either night-of or the morning following the election.
If an election is uncontested, the candidate running unopposed will be marked as the projected winner following the election instead of being subjected to this criteria.
In the event that there is no consensus but certified results have been published by the relevant government election office, Ballotpedia will call the election in accordance with the certified results. However, if a candidate officially requests a recount or if the results are disputed in court, Ballotpedia will note above the vote totals that the election's outcome is pending the outcome of the lawsuit or recount.
Although the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories elect non-voting officials to the U.S. Congress, those offices are treated by this policy as down-ballot.
Click here to read more about Ballotpedia's editorial approach to election coverage.
Links to election results sites for selected media outlets
See also
- Elections
- Elections calendar
- Election results: 2024 •2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014 • 2013 • 2012 • 2011 • 2010
- Elections by state and year
- State Poll Opening and Closing Times
- How we decide when to call an election
Footnotes
- ↑ Ballotpedia chose to highlight these offices because they are typically the most visible positions in states and serve important administrative functions.
- ↑ This is because it is very uncommon for an attorney general or secretary of state appointed by a governor to often be in direct conflict with that governor.
