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Minnesota House of Representatives

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Minnesota House of
Representatives
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:  Democrat
Session start:  January 14, 2025
Session end:  May 19, 2025
Term length:  2 years
Term limits:  None
Redistricting:  Legislative control
Salary:  $51,750/year
+ per diem
Members
Total:  134
Democrats:  66
Republicans:  67
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
Speaker:  Lisa Demuth (R)
Maj. Leader:  Harry Niska (R)
Min. Leader:  Zack Stephenson (D)
Elections
Last election:  November 5, 2024
Next election:  November 3, 2026

The Minnesota House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Minnesota State Legislature. Alongside the Minnesota State Senate, it forms the legislative branch of the Minnesota state government and works alongside the governor of Minnesota to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Minnesota House of Representatives include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

  • All 134 seats in the Minnesota House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. Click to read more »
  • In the November 2016 elections, Republicans gained three seats and maintained control of the chamber. Republicans went from a 73-61 majority to a 76-57 majority with one vacancy. Republicans increased their majority to 77-57 in a February 2017 special election.
  • Minnesota currently operates under divided government. Throughout the country, there are 13 states with divided governments. A total of 21 states have Republican trifectas, while 16 states have Democratic trifectas. A state government trifecta is a term used to describe a single-party government where one political party holds the governor's office and a majority in both chambers of the state legislature.

    • What you will find on this page

    This page contains information on the Minnesota House of Representatives that is curated and updated by Ballotpedia staff. Click on the arrows (▼) below for information and research on party control, elections, members, legislation, sessions, procedures, committees, and districts.

    Party Control: current and historical information on party control of the Minnesota House of Representatives

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Minnesota House of Representatives as of November 2025:

    Party As of November 2025
         Democratic Party 66
         Republican Party 67
         Independent 0
         Vacancies 1
    Total 134

    History of partisan control

    As a result of the 2024 elections, Republicans began the 2025 legislative session with a 67-66 majority, with a special election to fill a vacancy scheduled for January 28.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Minnesota House following every general election from 1992 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Minnesota House of Representatives election results: 1992-2024

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22 '24
    Democrats 87 71 70 63 65 52 66 85 87 62 73 62 57 75 70 70 66
    Republicans 47 63 64 71 69 82 68 49 47 72 61 72 77 59 64 64 67

    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Democrats in Minnesota held a state government trifecta for two years between 1992 and 2017. The table below shows state government trifectas in Minnesota from 1992 to 2017.

    Minnesota Party Control: 1992-2025
    Four years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
    Governor R R R R R R R I I I I R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R D D D D R R R R R R D D D
    House D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D R R D D R R R R D D D D D D S

    Elections: election data from 2000 to the present

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Minnesota state representatives serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years. Minnesota holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2026

    See also: Minnesota House of Representatives elections, 2026

    Elections for the Minnesota House of Representatives will take place in 2026. The general election is on November 3, 2026.

    2024

    See also: Minnesota House of Representatives elections, 2024

    Elections for the Minnesota House of Representatives took place in 2024. The general election was on November 5, 2024. The primary was August 13, 2024. The filing deadline was June 4, 2024.

    In the 2024 elections, Republicans won three seats in the chamber, earning a 67-66 majority with one vacancy.


    Minnesota House of Representatives
    Party As of November 5, 2024 After November 6, 2024
         Democratic Party 68 66
         Republican Party 64 67
         Vacancy 2 1
    Total 134 134

    2022

    See also: Minnesota House of Representatives elections, 2022

    Elections for the Minnesota House of Representatives took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 9, 2022. The filing deadline was May 31, 2022.

    In the 2022 elections, Republicans gained one seat in the Minnesota House of Representatives, but Democrats retained a majority in the chamber.

    Minnesota House of Representatives
    Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
         Democratic Party 69 70
         Republican Party 63 64
         Independent 1 0
         Vacancy 1 0
    Total 134 134

    2020

    See also: Minnesota House of Representatives elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of Minnesota House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 11, 2020. The filing deadline was June 2, 2020.

    In the 2020 elections, Republicans gained five seats in the Minnesota House of Representatives, but Democrats retained a majority in the chamber.

    Minnesota House of Representatives
    Party As of November 3, 2020 After November 4, 2020
         Democratic Party 75 70
         Republican Party 59 64
    Total 134 134

    2018

    See also: Minnesota House of Representatives elections, 2018

    Elections for the Minnesota House of Representatives took place in 2018. The open primary election took place on August 14, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was June 5, 2018.[1]

    In the 2018 elections, Democrats gained control of the Minnesota House of Representatives.

    Minnesota House of Representatives
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 56 75
         Republican Party 77 59
         Vacancy 1 0
    Total 134 134

    2016

    See also: Minnesota House of Representatives elections, 2016

    Elections for the Minnesota House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election took place on August 9, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was May 31, 2016. All 134 seats in the Minnesota House of Representatives were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 73-61 majority. Republicans gained three seats in the election, giving them a 76-57 majority with one vacancy.

    Minnesota House of Representatives
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 61 57
         Republican Party 73 76
         Vacancy 0 1
    Total 134 134

    Members: current leadership and membership list and information on salaries and qualifications

    Members

    Leadership

    The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the body. Duties of the Speaker include preserving order and decorum, appointing the Chief Sergeant at Arms and signing all acts, address, joint resolutions, writs, warrants and subpoenas of the House.[8][9]

    Current leadership and members

    Current members, Minnesota House of Representatives (134)
    District Representative Party Assumed office
    1A Dan Fabian Republican 2011
    1B Debra Kiel Republican 2011
    2A Matthew Grossell Republican 2017
    2B Steve Green Republican 2013
    3A Rob Ecklund Democratic 2015
    3B Mary Murphy Democratic 1977
    4A Ben Lien Democratic 2013
    4B Paul Marquart Democratic 2001
    5A John Persell Democratic 2019
    5B Sandy Layman Republican 2017
    6A Julie Sandstede Democratic 2017
    6B Dave Lislegard Democratic 2019
    7A Jennifer Schultz Democratic 2015
    7B Liz Olson Democratic 2017
    8A Bud Nornes Republican 1997
    8B Mary Franson Republican 2011
    9A John Poston Republican 2017
    9B Ron Kresha Republican 2013
    10A Josh Heintzeman Republican 2015
    10B Dale Lueck Republican 2015
    11A Mike Sundin Democratic 2013
    11B Jason Rarick Republican 2015
    12A Jeff Backer Republican 2015
    12B Paul Anderson Republican 2009
    13A Lisa Demuth Republican 2019
    13B Tim O'Driscoll Republican 2011
    14A Tama Theis Republican 2013
    14B Dan Wolgamott Democratic 2019
    15A Sondra Erickson Republican 2011
    15B Shane Mekeland Republican 2019
    16A Chris Swedzinski Republican 2011
    16B Paul Torkelson Republican 2009
    17A Tim Miller Republican 2015
    17B Dave Baker Republican 2015
    18A Dean Urdahl Republican 2003
    18B Glenn Gruenhagen Republican 2011
    19A Jeff Brand Democratic 2019
    19B Jack Considine Democratic 2015
    20A Bob Vogel Republican 2015
    20B Todd Lippert Democratic 2019
    21A Barb Haley Republican 2017
    21B Steve Drazkowski Republican 2007
    22A Joe Schomacker Republican 2011
    22B Rod Hamilton Republican 2005
    23A Bob Gunther Republican 1995
    23B Jeremy Munson Republican 2018
    24A John Petersburg Republican 2013
    24B Brian Daniels Republican 2015
    25A Duane Quam Republican 2011
    25B Duane Sauke Democratic 2017
    26A Tina Liebling Democratic 2005
    26B Nels Pierson Republican 2015
    27A Peggy Bennett Republican 2015
    27B Jeanne Poppe Democratic 2005
    28A Gene Pelowski Jr. Democratic 1987
    28B Greg Davids Republican 2008
    29A Joe McDonald Republican 2011
    29B Marion O'Neill Republican 2013
    30A Nick Zerwas Republican 2013
    30B Eric Lucero Republican 2015
    31A Kurt Daudt Republican 2011
    31B Calvin Bahr Republican 2017
    32A Brian Johnson Republican 2013
    32B Anne Neu Republican 2017
    33A Jerry Hertaus Republican 2013
    33B Kelly Morrison Democratic 2019
    34A Kristin Robbins Republican 2019
    34B Kristin Bahner Democratic 2019
    35A John Heinrich Republican 2019
    35B Peggy Scott Republican 2009
    36A Zack Stephenson Democratic 2019
    36B Melissa Hortman Democratic 2005
    37A Erin Koegel Democratic 2017
    37B Nolan West Republican 2017
    38A Linda Runbeck Republican 2011
    38B Ami Wazlawik Democratic 2019
    39A Bob Dettmer Republican 2007
    39B Shelly Christensen Democratic 2019
    40A Michael Nelson Democratic 2003
    40B Samantha Vang Democratic 2019
    41A Connie Bernardy Democratic 2013
    41B Mary Kunesh-Podein Democratic 2017
    42A Kelly Moller Democratic 2019
    42B Jamie Becker-Finn Democratic 2017
    43A Peter Fischer Democratic 2013
    43B Leon Lillie Democratic 2005
    44A Ginny Klevorn Democratic 2019
    44B Patty Acomb Democratic 2019
    45A Lyndon Carlson Democratic 1973
    45B Mike Freiberg Democratic 2013
    46A Ryan Winkler Democratic 2019
    46B Cheryl Youakim Democratic 2019
    47A Jim Nash Republican 2015
    47B Greg Boe Republican 2019
    48A Laurie Pryor Democratic 2017
    48B Carlie Kotyza-Witthuhn Democratic 2019
    49A Heather Edelson Democratic 2019
    49B Steve Elkins Democratic 2019
    50A Michael Howard Democratic 2019
    50B Andrew Carlson Democratic 2017
    51A Sandra Masin Democratic 2013
    51B Laurie Halverson Democratic 2013
    52A Rick Hansen Democratic 2005
    52B Ruth Richardson Democratic 2019
    53A Tou Xiong Democratic 2019
    53B Steve Sandell Democratic 2019
    54A Anne Claflin Democratic 2019
    54B Tony Jurgens Republican 2017
    55A Brad Tabke Democratic 2019
    55B Tony Albright Republican 2013
    56A Hunter Cantrell Democratic 2019
    56B Alice Mann Democratic 2019
    57A Robert Bierman Democratic 2019
    57B John Huot Democratic 2019
    58A Jon Koznick Republican 2015
    58B Pat Garofalo Republican 2005
    59A Fue Lee Democratic 2017
    59B Raymond Dehn Democratic 2013
    60A Diane Loeffler Democratic 2005
    60B Mohamud Noor Democratic 2019
    61A Frank Hornstein Democratic 2003
    61B Jamie Long Democratic 2019
    62A Hodan Hassan Democratic 2019
    62B Aisha Gomez Democratic 2019
    63A Jim Davnie Democratic 2001
    63B Jean Wagenius Democratic 1987
    64A Kaohly Her Democratic 2019
    64B Dave Pinto Democratic 2015
    65A Rena Moran Democratic 2011
    65B Carlos Mariani Democratic 1991
    66A Alice Hausman Democratic 1989
    66B John Lesch Democratic 2003
    67A Tim Mahoney Democratic 1999
    67B Jay Xiong Democratic 2019

    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2024[10]
    SalaryPer diem
    $51,750/yearFor senators: $86/day. For representatives: $66/day.

    When sworn in

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Minnesota legislators assume office the first day of the biennial (two-year) session.[11] Minnesota law states, "The legislature shall meet at the seat of government on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January of each odd-numbered year. When the first Monday in January falls on January 1, it shall meet on the first Wednesday after the first Monday. It shall also meet when called by the governor to meet in special session."[12]

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    To be eligible to run for the Minnesota House of Representatives, a candidate must:[13]

    • Be eligible to vote in Minnesota
    • Have not filed for more than one office for the upcoming primary or general election
    • Be at least 21 years old
    • Be a resident of Minnesota for at least one year
    • Be a resident of the legislative district for at least 6 months before the general election date

    Legislation: all legislation passed by the chamber in the current or most recent legislative session

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Minnesota House of Representatives has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by the House and signed by the governor after its passage in the Senate. Information on legislation provided below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. The tracker is fully interactive. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read its text in full and see its voting history. You can click the headings to sort the content in the column. You can also rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Finally, in the bottom-left corner of the tracker is a magnifying glass, which, when clicked, will allow you to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Sessions: legislative sessions dates, special sessions, and key events

    Sessions

    About legislative sessions in Minnesota

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[14] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article IV of the Minnesota Constitution establishes when the Minnesota State Legislature, of which the House is a part, is to be in session. Section 12 of Article IV states that the Legislature is not to meet in regular session for more than 120 legislative days in each two-year period between legislative elections. Section 12 also does not allow the Legislature to meet in regular session after the first Monday following the third Saturday in May of any year. Within these limits, Section 12 allows the Legislature to decide its meeting dates by law.

    As such, MN Statute 3.011 establishes that on odd numbered years the legislature must convene on the first Monday in January, unless that lands on January 1, in which case the legislature must convene by the first Wednesday after the first Monday. The legislature is required to set its own date for even numbered years.

    Section 12 of Article IV states that the Governor of Minnesota can call special sessions of the Legislature on extraordinary occasions.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Minnesota by year

    2025

    See also: 2025 Minnesota legislative session and Dates of 2025 state legislative sessions

    In 2025, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 14, 2025, and adjourn on May 19, 2025.


    Procedures: rules and procedures for veto overrides, the budget, and vacancies

    Procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features it own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, procedures for filling membership vacancies, and redistricting.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-No party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Minnesota are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in both chambers.

    Two-thirds of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 90 of the 134 members in the Minnesota House of Representatives and 45 of the 67 members in the Minnesota State Senate. Minnesota is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    Authority: Article IV, Section 23 of the Minnesota Constitution.

    "Every bill passed in conformity to the rules of each house and the joint rules of the two houses shall be presented to the governor. If he approves a bill, he shall sign it, deposit it in the office of the secretary of state and notify the house in which it originated of that fact. If he vetoes a bill, he shall return it with his objections to the house in which it originated. His objections shall be entered in the journal. If, after reconsideration, two-thirds of that house agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the governor's objections, to the other house, which shall likewise reconsider it. If approved by two-thirds of that house it becomes a law and shall be deposited in the office of the secretary of state."

    Role in state budget

    See also: Minnesota state budget and finances
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    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

    The state operates on a biennial budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[32]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies between May and June of the year preceding the start of the new biennium.
    2. State agencies submit their budget requests to the governor by October 15.
    3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature on the fourth Tuesday in January. This deadline is extended to the third Tuesday in February for a newly elected governor.
    4. The legislature typically adopts a budget in May. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The biennium begins on July 1 of odd-numbered years.[33]

    Minnesota is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[32][34]

    The governor is legally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the legislature is legally required to pass a balanced budget.[32]

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    Vacancies in the Minnesota State Legislature are filled through election. If there are more than 150 days before the next state general election, and the legislature will not be in session before the results are canvassed, then any vacancy is filled at the next state general election.[35][36]

    If the vacancy happens during the legislative session, the governor has five days to issue a writ calling for a special election. The election must take place no more than 35 days after the issuance of the writ. If the legislature is out of session and there are fewer than 150 days before the next state general election, the governor must call for a special election so the winner of the election can take office when the legislature reconvenes.[36][37]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Minnesota Cons. Art. 4, § 4 and Minnesota Stat. § 204D.19

    Committees: role and list of current committees

    Committees

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Minnesota House of Representatives has 22 standing committees:


    Districts

    See also: Minnesota state legislative districts

    The state of Minnesota has 201 legislative districts. Each district elects one representative. The state Senate has 67 districts and the state House has 134 districts.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.

    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Minnesota

    In Minnesota, congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn by the Minnesota State Legislature. These lines are subject to veto by the governor.[38]

    The Minnesota Constitution requires "that state Senate districts be contiguous, and that Representative districts be nested within Senate districts." State statutes apply contiguity requirements to all congressional and state legislative districts. Furthermore, state statutes stipulate that political subdivisions should not be divided "more than necessary."[38]

    2010 census

    Minnesota received its local census data on March 16, 2011. The state's population increased 7.8 percent, even though four of the five most populated cities showed slight decreases in population; only Rochester (pop. 106,769, up 24.4 percent) showed growth.[39]

    At the time of redistricting, Republicans controlled the Legislature, and Democrats the governorship; redistricting was expected to favor Republicans as Democrats held numerous underrepresented districts. Governor Mark Dayton vetoed the legislative plan on May 19, 2011. In June 2011, a panel created by the Minnesota Supreme Court took over the process when it heard lawsuits over the matter, even though the Legislature's deadline of February 2012 had not yet come up. On February 21, 2012, the panel released a final map, pairing 30 incumbents in the House.

    See also

    Elections Minnesota State Government State Legislatures State Politics
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    Minnesota State Flag-Close Up.jpg
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    State Courts-Tile image.png

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Minnesota Secretary of State, "Elections Calendar," accessed June 15, 2017
    2. ↑ Follow the Money, "Minnesota 2010 - Candidates," accessed June 23, 2014
    3. ↑ Follow the Money, "Minnesota 2008 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
    4. ↑ Follow the Money, "Minnesota 2006 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
    5. ↑ Follow the Money, "Minnesota 2004 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
    6. ↑ Follow the Money, "Minnesota 2002 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
    7. ↑ Follow the Money, "Minnesota 2000 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
    8. ↑ Minnesota House of Representatives, "Rules of the Minnesota House of Representatives - Article VII - Officers of the House," accessed June 23, 2014 (Referenced Rule 7.01)
    9. ↑ Minnesota House of Representatives, "Leadership of the Minnesota House of Representatives 2013 - 2014," accessed June 23, 2014
    10. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
    11. ↑ Minnesota Statutes, "Chapter 3, Section 3.05," accessed December 17, 2013
    12. ↑ Minnesota Statutes, "Chapter 3, Section 3.011," accessed December 17, 2013
    13. ↑ Minnesota Secretary of State, "Filing for Office," accessed June 23, 2014
    14. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    15. ↑ Redwood Falls Gazette, "Minnesota state legislature suspends its business until April 14," March 22, 2020
    16. ↑ Post Bulletin, "Minnesota Legislature to return Thursday to take up COVID-19 response," March 25, 2020
    17. ↑ CBS Minnesota, "Gov. Dayton Says He’s ‘Genuinely Undecided’ On All Budget Bills," May 26, 2017
    18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 StarTribune, "Dayton signs 10 budget bills and tax cuts, but defunds Legislature," May 31, 2017
    19. ↑ StarTribune, "Judge strikes down Gov. Mark Dayton's veto of Legislature's budget; Dayton plans appeal," July 19, 2017
    20. ↑ KSTP 5, "Dayton Says He Will Appeal Judge's Ruling his Veto was Unconstitutional," July 19, 2017
    21. ↑ CBS Minnesota, "Arguments In Supreme Court Case Between Legislature, Dayton Begin Monday," August 27, 2017
    22. ↑ Twin Cities, "Legislature restores its $130M budget, concluding legal battle with Dayton," February 22, 2018
    23. ↑ CBS Minnesota, "Gov. Dayton Signs Legislative Budget Into Law," February 26, 2018
    24. ↑ Daily Globe, "Lawmakers face long list of issues," January 4, 2015
    25. ↑ Twin Cities Daily Planet, "Previewing the 2014 Minnesota legislative session: Issues and contrasting agendas," February 24, 2014
    26. ↑ KXLT, "Minnesota Legislature now in session," February 25, 2014
    27. ↑ minnesota.publicradio.org, "Minnesota Legislature preview: 10 issues to watch," January 4, 2013
    28. ↑ Minnesota House of Representatives, "Property tax relief, new fourth tier rate highlight conferred tax bill," May 20, 2013
    29. ↑ Wall Street Journal, "States' Rift on Taxes Widens," May 23, 2013
    30. ↑ CNNMoney, "Minnesota shutdown: It's over," July 20, 2011
    31. ↑ Minneapolis Star-Tribune, "138 legislators are collecting paychecks during shutdown," July 10, 2011
    32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    33. ↑ Minnesota Management and Budget, "Minnesota's Budget Process," accessed January 24, 2024
    34. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
    35. ↑ Minnesota Revisor of Statutes, "Constitution of the State of Minnesota," accessed February 12, 2021 (Article 4, Section 4)
    36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Minnesota Revisor of Statutes, "2020 Minnesota Statutes," accessed February 12, 2021 (Statute 204D.19 (1)-(3))
    37. ↑ Minnesota Revisor of Statutes, "2020 Minnesota Statutes," accessed February 12, 2021 (Statute 204B.13)
    38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 All About Redistricting, "Minnesota," accessed May 4, 2015
    39. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Minnesota's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting," March 16, 2011
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