Illinois State Senate

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Illinois State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:  Democrat
Session start:  January 8, 2025
Session end:  May 31, 2025
Term length:  2-4-4 year system[1]
Term limits:  None
Redistricting:  Legislative control
Salary:  $89,250/year + per diem
Members
Total:  59
Democrats:  40
Republicans:  19
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:  Don Harmon (D)
Maj. Leader:  Kimberly Lightford (D)
Min. Leader:  John Curran (R)
Elections
Last election:  November 5, 2024
Next election:  November 3, 2026


The Illinois State Senate is the upper chamber of the Illinois General Assembly. Alongside the Illinois House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Illinois state government and works alongside the governor of Illinois to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Illinois State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Illinois State Senate meets in the state capitol building in Springfield, Illinois.

  • A total of 20 of 59 Illinois Senate seats were up for election in 2020. Click to read more »
  • In 2018, the Democratic supermajority in the state senate increased from 37-22 to 40-19.
  • Illinois has a Democratic state government trifecta. A trifecta exists when one political party simultaneously holds the governor’s office and majorities in both state legislative chambers. As of November 6, 2025, there are 23 Republican trifectas, 14 Democratic trifectas, and 13 divided governments where neither party holds trifecta control. In the 2020 election, Republicans had a net gain of two trifectas and two states under divided government became trifectas. Prior to that election, Illinois had a Democratic trifecta. There were 21 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 14 divided governments.

    • This page contains the following information on the Illinois State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Illinois State Senate as of November 2025:

    Party As of November 2025
         Democratic Party 40
         Republican Party 19
         Other 0
         Vacancies 0
    Total 59

    Members

    Current leadership and members


    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Illinois State Senate District 1 Javier Loera Cervantes Democratic January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 2 Omar Aquino Democratic 2017
    Illinois State Senate District 3 Mattie Hunter Democratic 2003
    Illinois State Senate District 4 Kimberly Lightford Democratic 1998
    Illinois State Senate District 5 Lakesia Collins Democratic August 15, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 6 Sara Feigenholtz Democratic January 21, 2020
    Illinois State Senate District 7 Mike Simmons Democratic February 6, 2021
    Illinois State Senate District 8 Ram Villivalam Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 9 Laura Fine Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 10 Robert Martwick Democratic June 28, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 11 Mike Porfirio Democratic January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 12 Celina Villanueva Democratic January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 13 Robert Peters Democratic 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 14 Emil Jones Democratic 2009
    Illinois State Senate District 15 Napoleon Harris Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 16 Willie Preston Democratic January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 17 Elgie R. Sims, Jr. Democratic 2018
    Illinois State Senate District 18 Bill Cunningham Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 19 Michael Hastings Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 20 Graciela Guzman Democratic January 8, 2025
    Illinois State Senate District 21 Laura Ellman Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 22 Cristina Castro Democratic 2017
    Illinois State Senate District 23 Suzanne Glowiak Hilton Democratic January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 24 Seth Lewis Republican January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 25 Karina Villa Democratic January 13, 2021
    Illinois State Senate District 26 Darby Hills Republican February 28, 2025
    Illinois State Senate District 27 Mark Walker Democratic May 11, 2024
    Illinois State Senate District 28 Laura Murphy Democratic October 5, 2015
    Illinois State Senate District 29 Julie Morrison Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 30 Adriane Johnson Democratic October 11, 2020
    Illinois State Senate District 31 Mary Edly-Allen Democratic January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 32 Craig Wilcox Republican October 1, 2018
    Illinois State Senate District 33 Don DeWitte Republican September 3, 2018
    Illinois State Senate District 34 Steve Stadelman Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 35 Dave Syverson Republican 1993
    Illinois State Senate District 36 Michael Halpin Democratic January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 37 Li Arellano Jr. Republican January 8, 2025
    Illinois State Senate District 38 Sue Rezin Republican 2010
    Illinois State Senate District 39 Don Harmon Democratic 2003
    Illinois State Senate District 40 Patrick Joyce Democratic November 8, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 41 John Curran Republican 2017
    Illinois State Senate District 42 Linda Holmes Democratic 2007
    Illinois State Senate District 43 Rachel Ventura Democratic January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 44 Sally Turner Republican January 25, 2021
    Illinois State Senate District 45 Andrew Chesney Republican January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 46 David Koehler Democratic 2006
    Illinois State Senate District 47 Neil Anderson Republican January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 48 Doris Turner Democratic February 6, 2021
    Illinois State Senate District 49 Meg Loughran Cappel Democratic December 10, 2020
    Illinois State Senate District 50 Jil Tracy Republican January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 51 Chapin Rose Republican 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 52 Paul Faraci Democratic January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 53 Chris Balkema Republican January 8, 2025
    Illinois State Senate District 54 Steve McClure Republican January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 55 Jason Plummer Republican January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 56 Erica Harriss Republican January 11, 2023
    Illinois State Senate District 57 Christopher Belt Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 58 Terri Bryant Republican January 13, 2021
    Illinois State Senate District 59 Dale Fowler Republican 2017


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2024[2]
    SalaryPer diem
    $89,250/year$166/day

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Illinois legislators assume office the second Wednesday in January.

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Article IV of the Illinois Constitution states: To be eligible to serve as a member of the General Assembly, a person must be a United States citizen, at least 21 years old, and for the two years preceding his election or appointment a resident of the district which he is to represent.

    Historical party control

    Democrats won control of the Illinois State Senate in 2002. In 2024, they won a 40-19 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Illinois Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2024. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Illinois State Senate election results: 1992-2024

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22 '24
    Democrats 27 26 28 27 27 32 31 37 37 35 40 39 37 40 41 40 40
    Republicans 32 33 31 32 32 27 27 22 22 23 19 20 22 19 18 19 19

    Before 1992

    From 1900 to 2022, the Illinois State Senate switched partisan control nine times.


    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. llinois came under divided government following the 2014 elections when Bruce Rauner (R) won the governor's office and Democrats retained control of the state legislature. The table below shows state government trifectas in Illinois from 1992 to 2019.

    Illinois Party Control: 1992-2025
    Nineteen years of Democratic trifectas  •  Two years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
    Governor R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R D D D D D D D
    Senate D R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    House D D D R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Under the Illinois Constitution of 1970, senators are divided into three groups, each group having a two-year term at a different part of the decade between censuses, with the rest of the decade being taken up by two four-year terms. Depending on the election year, roughly ⅓, ⅔, or all of the senate seats may have terms ending.[3] Illinois holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2026

    See also: Illinois State Senate elections, 2026

    Elections for the Illinois State Senate will take place in 2026. The general election is on November 3, 2026. The primary is March 17, 2026. The filing deadline was November 3, 2025.

    2024

    See also: Illinois State Senate elections, 2024

    Elections for the Illinois State Senate took place in 2024. The general election was on November 5, 2024. The primary was March 19, 2024. The filing deadline was December 4, 2023.

    In the 2024 election, the partisan breakdown did not change. Democrats maintained their majority of 40-19.


    Illinois State Senate
    Party As of November 5, 2024 After November 6, 2024
         Democratic Party 40 40
         Republican Party 19 18
         Vacancy 0 1
    Total 59 59

    2022

    See also: Illinois State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for the Illinois State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for June 28, 2022. The filing deadline was March 14, 2022.

    In the 2022 elections, Democrats lost one net seat, decreasing their majority to 40-19. On December 9, 2022, former State Sen. Scott Bennett, who won his former seat, died due to complications of a brain tumor. In January 2023, State Sen. Jason Barickman resigned. These vacancies are not reflected on the chart below.

    Illinois State Senate
    Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
         Democratic Party 41 40
         Republican Party 18 19
    Total 59 59

    2020

    See also: Illinois State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of Illinois State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for March 17, 2020. The filing deadline was December 2, 2019.

    In the 2020 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Illinois State Senate from 40–19 to 41–18.

    Illinois State Senate
    Party As of November 3, 2020 After November 4, 2020
         Democratic Party 40 41
         Republican Party 19 18
    Total 59 59

    2018

    See also: Illinois State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for the Illinois State Senate took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on March 20, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was December 4, 2017.[4]

    In the 2018 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Illinois State Senate from 37-22 to 40-19.

    Illinois State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 37 40
         Republican Party 22 19
    Total 59 59

    2016

    See also: Illinois State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for the Illinois State Senate were held in 2016. The primary election was held on March 15, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was November 30, 2015.[5] A total of 40 seats out of the 59 seats in the Illinois State Senate were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 39-20 majority. Democrats lost two seats in the election, giving them a 37-22 majority.

    Illinois State Senate
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 39 37
         Republican Party 20 22
    Total 59 59

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Illinois General Assembly, the state constitution mandates that the seat must be filled by appointment when allowed by law. The appointment must be made within 30 days after the vacancy. If a vacancy occurs in the Senate with more than twenty-eight months remaining in the term, the appointment is interim until the next general election, when a special election must be held. All other House and Senate vacancies are to be filled by an appointment from the same political party that last held the seat.[12] If the vacated seat was held by an independent (no party affiliation), the governor is to appoint an independent successor within 30 days.[13]

    The vacancy must be filled by the respective party organizations covering the legislative district.[14] The respective committeemen and committeewomen representing the legislative district must vote on a replacement.[15] The person selected for the seat serves for the remainder of the unfilled term.[16]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Illinois Const. Art. 4, Sec. 2(d) and Illinois Rev. Stat. ch. 10, § 5/25-6

    District map

    See also: Illinois state legislative districts

    The state of Illinois has 59 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.

    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Illinois

    The Illinois General Assembly is responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines. Both chambers of the state legislature must approve a redistricting plan. The governor may veto the lines drawn by the state legislature.[17]

    In the event that both chambers of the state legislature do not approve a legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines. The majority and minority leaders of each chamber must appoint two members each to the commission (one legislator and one general citizen). Of the eight commission members, no more than four may belong to the same political party. In the event that these eight members cannot approve a plan, the Illinois Supreme Court must select two individuals (from different political parties) as potential tiebreakers. The secretary of state must then appoint one of these individuals to the backup commission to break the tie.[17]

    The Illinois Constitution requires that state legislative districts be "contiguous and reasonably compact." There are no such requirements in place for the state's congressional districts.[17]

    State law also mandates the establishment of state legislative districts "that allow racial or language minority communities to elect--or influence the election of--the candidates of their choice, even if no comparable district would be required by the federal Voting Rights Act."[17]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census

    Upon completion of the 2020 census, Illinois will draft and enact new district maps. Congressional redistricting
    Illinois did not set a specific redistricting deadline for congressional maps in the 2020 redistricting cycle. The candidate filing deadline for the 2022 election cycle in Illinois was March 14, 2022, an inferred redistricting deadline.[18] The Illinois Legislature approved new congressional lines on Oct. 29, 2021, which were signed into law by Gov. J.B. Pritzker (D) on Nov. 24, 2021.[19]

    Legislative redistricting
    The legislature's deadline to complete redistricting for the state House and Senate was June 30, 2021. In Illinois, if the legislature fails to meet its deadline, an eight-person commission is formed with an ultimate deadline of Oct. 5, 2021.[18] The Illinois Legislature passed its first state legislative maps on May 28, 2021, which were signed into law by Gov. J.B. Pritzker (D) on June 4. These maps were created using preliminary data rather than the official 2020 census data, which was not released until August 2021. On Aug. 31, legislators approved a revised map using the census data. Pritzker signed these maps into law on Sept. 24, 2021.

    2010

    Following the completion of the 2010 United States Census, Illinois lost one congressional seat. At the time of redistricting, Democrats held majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. On May 30, 2011, the Illinois House of Representatives approved a congressional redistricting plan. The Illinois State Senate approved the plan on May 31, 2011, and Governor Pat Quinn (D) signed it into law on June 24, 2011. Legal suits were filed challenging the new congressional district map, but these were all ultimately dismissed.[17][20][21]

    The state legislative redistricting plan was passed by the legislature on May 27, 2011. Quinn signed the map into law on June 3, 2011. As with the congressional map, lawsuits were filed challenging the new state legislative districts. These suits were ultimately dismissed.[17]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Illinois State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. Information on legislation provided below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. The tracker is fully interactive. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read its text in full and see its voting history. You can click the headings to sort the content in the column. You can also rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Finally, in the bottom-left corner of the tracker is a magnifying glass, which, when clicked, will allow you to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Illinois by year

    2025

    See also: 2025 Illinois legislative session and Dates of 2025 state legislative sessions

    In 2025, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 8, 2025, and adjourn on May 31, 2025.



    About legislative sessions in Illinois

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[62] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article IV of the Illinois Constitution establishes when the Illinois General Assembly, of which the Senate is a part, is to be in session. Section 5 of Article IV states that the General Assembly will convene its regular session on the second Wednesday of January.

    Section 5 also creates rules for the convening of special sessions. The section allows the Governor of Illinois to convene the General Assembly or the Senate alone. When the Governor calls a special session, the General Assembly can generally only deal with matters related to the purpose of the session, as stated by the Governor's proclamation of the session, but they can also deal with impeachments or confirmation of appointments. Section 5 also allows the presiding officers of both houses of the General Assembly to convene a special session through joint proclamation.

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, and procedures for filling membership vacancies.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-Democratic Party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Illinois are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Three-fifths of members in both chambers.

    Three fifths of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 71 of the 118 members in the Illinois House of Representatives and 36 of the 59 members in the Illinois State Senate. Illinois is one of seven states that requires a three-fifths vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    Are there other special rules?

    If the governor uses the line item veto to reduce an appropriation, that reduction can be overturned by a majority vote in both chambers.

    Authority: Article IV, Section 9 of the Illinois Constitution.

    "The house to which a bill is returned shall immediately enter the Governor's objections upon its journal. If within 15 calendar days after such entry that house by a record vote of three-fifths of the members elected passes the bill, it shall be delivered immediately to the second house. If within 15 calendar days after such delivery the second house by a record vote of three-fifths of the members elected passes the bill, it shall become law."

    Role in state budget

    See also: Illinois state budget and finances
    Illinois on Public Policy Logo-one line-on Ballotpedia.png
    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

    Illinois operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is:[63][64]

    1. In September and October of the year preceding the start of the new fiscal year, the governor sends budget instructions to state agencies.
    2. In October and November, agencies submit their budget requests to the governor.
    3. Budget hearings with the public are held from February through May.
    4. On the third Wednesday in February, the governor submits his or her proposed budget to the Illinois General Assembly.
    5. The General Assembly passes a budget in May.

    Illinois is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[64][65]

    The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget. In turn, the legislature must pass a balanced budget.[64]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Illinois state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Illinois State Senate has 28 standing committees:

    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods by which the Illinois Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Article XIV of the Illinois Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Illinois

    The Illinois Constitution provides four mechanisms for amending the state constitution—a constitutional convention, a legislative process, and a citizen-initiated process.

    Initiative

    See also: Initiated constitutional amendment

    An initiated constitutional amendment is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends a state's constitution. Eighteen (18) states allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments.

    In Illinois, the number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is equal to 8% of votes cast for governor in the previous gubernatorial election. Initiated measures in Illinois may only amend Article IV of the Illinois Constitution, which addresses the structure of the Illinois State Legislature. All amendments must be approved by either a majority of those voting in the election or three-fifths of those voting on the amendment itself.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    According to Article XVI, the state Legislature can refer constitutional amendments to the ballot for voters to decide. A 60% vote is required during one legislative session for the Illinois General Assembly to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 71 votes in the Illinois House of Representatives and 36 votes in the Illinois State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to Article XIV of the Illinois Constitution, a question about whether to hold a constitutional convention is to automatically appear on the state's ballot every 20 years starting in 1918. Illinois is one of 14 states that provides for an automatic constitutional convention question. A constitutional convention question can also be placed before the state's voters if 60% of the members of both houses of the Illinois General Assembly vote in the affirmative. If such a question does appear on the ballot, it must be affirmed by a supermajority vote of 60% of those voting on the question or a majority of those who cast a ballot for any office in that election.

    The table below shows the last and next constitutional convention question election years:

    State Interval Last question on the ballot Next question on the ballot
    Illinois 20 years 2008 2028



    Historical context:

    Between 1996 and 2018, the following occurred in Illinois:

    • Ballots featured 10 ballot measures.
    • An average of one measure appeared on statewide general election ballots.
    • An average of between zero and one legislatively referred amendments appeared on statewide general election ballots.
    • Voters approved 80 percent (8 of 10) and rejected 20 percent (2 of 10) of the ballot measures.
    • Voters approved 83 percent (5 of 6) and rejected 17 percent (1 of 6) of referred amendments.
    • Three advisory questions appeared on the ballot.
    • Zero citizen-initiated measures appeared on the ballot.
    Ballot measures in Illinois, 1996-2018
    Type Total number Approved Percent approved Defeated Percent defeated Average Median Minimum Maximum
    All measures 10 8 80.0% 2 20.0% 0.8 0.5 0 5
    Initiatives 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.0 0.0 0 0
    Legislative amendments 6 5 83.3% 1 16.7% 0.5 0.0 0 2
    Advisory questions 3 3 100.0% 0 0.00% 0.3 0.0 0 3


    See also

    Elections Illinois State Government State Legislatures State Politics
    Ballotpedia Elections Badge-VOTE-no shadow-Square.jpg
    Illinois State Flag-Close Up.jpg
    State Houses-Tile image.png
    State Courts-Tile image.png

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Under the Illinois Constitution of 1970, senators are divided into three groups, each group having a two-year term at a different part of the decade between censuses, with the rest of the decade being taken up by two four-year terms. Depending on the election year, roughly ⅓, ⅔, or all of the senate seats may have terms ending.
    2. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
    3. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Policies and Procedures," accessed February 4, 2021
    4. ↑ Illinois State Board of Elections, "Election and campaign finance calendar 2018," accessed August 16, 2017
    5. ↑ Illinois State Board of Elections, "Election and Campaign Finance Calendar," accessed November 30, 2015
    6. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 26, 2015
    7. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois 2008 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    8. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois 2006 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    9. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois 2004 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    10. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois 2002 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    11. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois 2000 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    12. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Illinois Constitution," accessed February 4, 2021 (Section Article IV, Section 2(d))
    13. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Illinois Compiled Statutes," accessed February 4, 2021 (Statute 10 ILCS 5/25-6)
    14. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Illinois Election Code," accessed February 4, 2021 (Statute 10 ILCS 5/25 6 (a), (c))
    15. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Illinois Election Code," accessed February 4, 2021 (Statute 10 ILCS 5/25 6 (d))
    16. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Illinois Election Code," accessed February 4, 2021 (Statute 10 ILCS 5/25 6 (f))
    17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 All About Redistricting, "Illinois," accessed April 16, 2015
    18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 All About Redistricting, "Illinois," accessed Nov. 24, 2021
    19. ↑ The Associated Press, "Gov. Pritzker signs new Illinois congressional map into law," Nov. 24, 2021
    20. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Illinois Redistricting: Quinn Signs Plan To Add Democratic Seats," June 24, 2011
    21. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Illinois Redistricting: Democrat-Backed Maps Head To Quinn's Desk, Threaten Republican Gains," May 31, 2011
    22. ↑ 5 Chicago, "Illinois Lawmakers Cancel Legislative Session Over Coronavirus," March 12, 2020
    23. ↑ MyWabashValley.com, "Illinois Legislature cancels second week of scheduled session," March 18, 2020
    24. ↑ Metropolis Planet, "Senate, House cancel session once again," March 30, 2020
    25. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Home page," accessed May 18, 2020
    26. ↑ NBC 5 Chicago, "Illinois Lawmakers Return to Springfield for Legislative Session," May 20, 2020
    27. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Home page," accessed May 26, 2020
    28. ↑ Reuters, "S&P cuts Illinois' credit rating to one notch above junk," June 1, 2017
    29. ↑ NBC Chicago, "What Happens If Illinois Lawmakers Don't Pass a Budget?" June 28, 2017
    30. ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "Illinois Senate Democrats Vote for $5.4 Billion Tax Increase," May 23, 2017
    31. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Illinois Senate votes to override Rauner veto of income tax hike, budget," July 4, 2017
    32. ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Wisconsin's state budget takes $51 million hit — thanks to Illinois," July 11, 2017
    33. ↑ Politico, "Illinois lawmakers face budget rage," July 5, 2017
    34. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Madigan sends Rauner message on tax hike vote as talks break down at Capitol," July 1, 2017
    35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 The Chicago Sun-Times, "Illinois has state budget, but no school funding plan," July 16, 2017
    36. ↑ NPR Illinois, "Education Desk: Evidence-Based School Funding Model Explained," September 26, 2016
    37. ↑ WTTW, "Education Funding in Illinois: How the Evidence-Based Model Works," September 21, 2016
    38. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Rauner-CPS feud could hold up school money for rest of state," July 13, 2017
    39. ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "Rauner Aide: Democrats' School Funding Plan a CPS 'Bailout'," May 17, 2017
    40. ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "The Latest: Gov. Rauner Calls School-Funding Special Session," July 24, 2017
    41. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Next move is Rauner's after Senate sends him school funding bill," July 31, 2017
    42. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Rauner vetoes education funding plan, Emanuel accuses him of 'fuzzy math'," August 1, 2017
    43. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Madigan: Attempt to override Rauner's education veto set for next week," August 16, 2017
    44. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Senate overrides Rauner school funding veto, but House hurdle remains," August 13, 2017
    45. ↑ The Chicago Sun-Times, "Speaker Madigan calls legislators to work — on Governor’s Day," August 9, 2017
    46. ↑ wglt.org, "Illinois House To Vote Next Week On School Funding Override," August 16, 2017
    47. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Madigan calls off Wednesday session in Springfield; no override vote of Rauner for now," August 23, 2017
    48. ↑ Politico, "SCHOOL funding WINNERS and LOSERS — RAUNER staffing TURMOIL — Saving ABE in CHICAGO," August 25, 2017
    49. ↑ capitolfax.com, "Education funding reform bill gets just 46 votes," August 28, 2017
    50. ↑ capitolfax.com, "On second try, education funding reform passes with 73 votes," August 28, 2017
    51. ↑ capitolfax.com, "React rolls in to passage of education funding reform," August 29, 2017
    52. ↑ NBC Chicago, "Rauner Signs Historic Education Funding Reform Bill," August 31, 2017
    53. ↑ NPR, "Why America's Schools Have A Money Problem," April 18, 2016
    54. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Main page," accessed February 4, 2021
    55. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Rauner-Madigan showdown looms in 2015," December 4, 2014
    56. ↑ dailyjournal.net, "Illinois lawmakers focus on budget issues with election-year legislative session set to begin," January 19, 2014(Archived)
    57. ↑ The New York Times, "Illinois Legislature Approves Retiree Benefit Cuts in Troubled Pension System," December 3, 2013
    58. ↑ mymoinfo.com, "May 31, 2013 Illinois Legislators Pass Oil Fracking Bill," May 31, 2013(Archived)
    59. ↑ Foxnews.com, "Illinois passes bill to allow concealed firearms; last U.S. state to have such a ban," June 1, 2013
    60. ↑ npr.org, "Will Ill. Legalize Gay Marriage Before Legislature Adjourns?" May 30, 2013
    61. ↑ ABC.com, "General Assembly to hold special session next week," June 15, 2011
    62. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    63. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Experiences with Annual and Biennial Budgeting," accessed February 4, 2021
    64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    65. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
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