Ballotpedia's Top 10 primaries, July 19, 2018

We’ve identified 10 primaries in each party as the most compelling intra-party contests of this cycle, either because they reflect an ideological battle between two factions within a party or a close primary contest in a battleground election. Click here for more on how we build this list.

The lone addition to our Top 10 Republican primaries list this week is the contest for the party's nod in Minnesota's 1st Congressional District. Democratic incumbent Rep. Tim Walz won re-election in 2016 by less than 2,500 votes while the district backed President Donald Trump by 15 points. The seat presented a pick-up opportunity for Republicans in 2018 as Walz is running for governor. Jim Hagedorn, the 2016 nominee, is running again and earned the district party’s endorsement at its convention in April. State Senator Carla Nelson was endorsed by the anti-abortion group Susan B. Anthony's List and reportedly encouraged to run for the seat by national party leaders.

Our fifth-ranked Republican primary, the Alabama attorney general's race, was decided on July 17. Incumbent Steve Marshall withstood a challenge from former state attorney general Troy King to become the nominee. The number two GOP race on our list, the hard-fought Georgia governor's contest between Lieutenant Gov. Casey Cagle and Secretary of State Brian Kemp, was decided in that state's primary runoffs on July 24.

We also added the primary in Kansas' 3rd Congressional District to our Top 10 Democratic primaries list this week. Six Democrats are vying for the party's nomination to take on incumbent Rep. Kevin Yoder (R) in a district narrowly carried by Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential race. This contest features prominent competing endorsements, with Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez backing Brent Welder and EMILY's List supporting Sharice Davids. That primary is on August 7.

As of July 19, 2018, these two lists contain primaries for nine U.S. House seats, six governor’s races, four U.S. Senate seats, and the primary for attorney general of Alabama. We'll be updating this throughout the primary election season as the year progresses.

Know of a race that belongs on our list? Email us at editor@ballotpedia.org.
Last updated: July 19, 2018

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Top 10 Democratic Primaries Ranked list

(Last week's ranking in parentheses)

1. (1) New York's 14th Congressional District (June 26)
2. (2) Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District (May 15)
3. (3) Illinois' 3rd Congressional District (March 20)
4. (4) Florida governor (August 28)
5. (5) Colorado governor (June 26)
6. (6) Minnesota governor (August 14)
7. (7) Kentucky's 6th Congressional District (May 22)
8. (8) Virginia's 10th Congressional District (June 12)
9. (-) Kansas' 3rd Congressional District (August 7) - newly added
10. (9) New York governor (September 13)

Races removed from the Top 10 list this week

Massachusetts' 7th (September 4)

Top 10 Republican Primaries Ranked list

(Last week's ranking in parentheses)

1. (1) Arizona Senate (August 28)
2. (2) Georgia governor (May 22) & runoff (July 24)
3. (3) South Carolina's 1st Congressional District (June 12)
4. (5) Florida governor (August 28)
5. (4) Alabama attorney general (June 5) & runoff (July 17)
6. (6) Virginia Senate (June 12)
7. (9) Montana Senate (June 5)
8. (7) West Virginia Senate (May 8)
9. (-) Minnesota's 1st Congressional District (August 14) - newly added
10. (10) Ohio's 12th Congressional District (May 8)

Races removed from the Top 10 list this week

New York's 11th (June 26)

Top 10 Democratic Primaries race summaries

• New York's 14th Congressional District (June 26)

See also: New York's 14th Congressional District election (June 26, 2018 Democratic primary)

Long-time incumbent Rep. Joseph Crowley, who had not seen a primary challenge since 2004, was defeated by self-described democratic socialist Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez in the Democratic primary for New York's 14th District. Crowley became the first Democratic incumbent member of Congress to lose in the primary in 2018. He had been a congressman since 1999 and was chairman of the House Democratic Caucus, the 4th highest-ranking member in the Democratic Party leadership. Crowley was also identified by Roll Call as one of six Democrats most likely to succeed Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) should she step down as House Minority Leader. At the end of March 2018, Crowley had a 22-to-1 fundraising lead over Ocasio-Cortez, who had pledged not to accept contributions from lobbyists.

Ocasio-Cortez garnered endorsements from progressive groups including Justice Democrats, Brand New Congress, and NYC Democratic Socialists of America. Crowley's list of endorsements included more than 20 labor unions, NARAL Pro-Choice America, Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America, and more than a dozen state legislators. Both candidates expressed support for $15 minimum wage and Medicare for All policies; Ocasio-Cortez credited her campaign with pushing Crowley to the left on these issues, while Crowley's campaign argued that "he's always been a progressive advocate."

• Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District (May 15)

See also: Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District election (May 15, 2018 Democratic primary)

Moderates and progressives clashed in the Democratic primary for Nebraska’s 2nd Congressional District on May 15, where nonprofit executive and Metropolitan Community College board member Kara Eastman defeated the district’s former congressman, Brad Ashford. Ashford, who held the seat for a single term before losing his re-election bid to current incumbent Rep. Don Bacon (R), had the backing of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC), which added him to its “Red to Blue” list. The Progressive Change Campaign Committee backed Eastman. She also had the support of local unions and state figures such as state Sens. Tony Vargas and Justin Wayne. Eastman ran on a platform that included tuition-free college and universal healthcare.

Eastman defeated Ashford by just over 1,100 votes, 51 percent to 49 percent. While progressive groups celebrated Eastman's victory, political observers questioned whether her victory hurt Dems' chances to win the seat. Larry Sabato’s Crystal Ball managing editor Kyle Kondik tweeted after the primary that they were changing the rating on the general election race in this district from "Toss-up" to "Leans Republican" after Eastman’s victory. “Basically the NRCC got what it wanted and the DCCC didn't,” Kondik said. The National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) is a national 527 group and subsidiary of the Republican Party that aims to build and maintain a Republican majority in the U.S. House of Representatives through contributions to Republican candidates and political organizations. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) is a similar group which supports the Democratic Party.

• Illinois' 3rd Congressional District (March 20)

See also: Illinois' 3rd Congressional District election (March 20, 2018 Democratic primary)

Longtime incumbent Rep. and Blue Dog Coalition member Daniel Lipinski defeated political newcomer Marie Newman by just over 2,100 votes, 51 percent to 49 percent, for the Democratic nomination in Illinois’ 3rd Congressional District for a seat held by the party since 1975. This race, called "a battle for the soul of the Democratic party” by Kate Sweeny of the Progressive Change Campaign Committee, was seen as a good example of the struggle between moderate and progressive Democrats.

Newman based her campaign on her opposition to Lipinski's positions on reproductive issues and healthcare, saying that he opposed federal funding for cervical cancer screenings and voted against the Affordable Care Act because of funding for contraception included in the bill. Lipinski countered that he voted 26 times to support funding for family planning programs from 2005 to 2017. Newman received the backing of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), the NARAL Pro-Choice America and the Human Rights Campaign. Lipinski was backed by the Illinois AFL-CIO, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D), state party chairman Michael Madigan (D), the Chicago Sun Times and the Chicago Tribune.

• Florida governor (August 28)

See also: Florida gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018 (August 28 Democratic primary)

A four-way primary battle has emerged as Florida Democrats look to take back the governor's office for the first time in 20 years. With Gov. Rick Scott (R) term-limited and most election ratings outlets calling the general election a "Toss-up," the winner of the primary may very well go on to occupy the governor's mansion in 2019. Although the filing deadline isn't until June 22nd, several prominent candidates have begun fundraising and campaigning.

Former U.S. Rep. Gwen Graham, the daughter of former Gov. and U.S. Sen. Bob Graham, represents the moderate wing of the Democratic Party and often crossed party lines while in the U.S. House. Former Miami Beach Mayor Philip Levine brought in over $10 million through March 2018, partially through self-funding, and describes himself as a "radical centrist." Tallahassee Mayor Andrew Gillum enjoys significant support among minority voters. Gillum has touted his support from grassroots activists and received a boost from billionaire Democratic donor George Soros. Businessman Christopher King has not previously held elected office, but describes himself as a "progressive entrepreneur" who enjoys support from younger voters. Former U.S. Rep. Patrick Murphy (D), who explored running for this seat with Republican David Jolly as his lieutenant governor, declined to run and instead backed Graham.

• Colorado governor (June 26)

See also: Colorado gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018 (June 26 Democratic primary)

Rep. Jared Polis defeated former state Treasurer Cary Kennedy, former state Sen. Mike Johnston, and current Lt. Gov. Donna Lynne to win the Democratic primary for this purple state's highest office. While Kennedy was the first choice of 62 percent of delegates at the state party convention in April 2018, Polis received almost 45 percent of the vote to win, compared with Kennedy's 25 percent and Johnston's 23 percent. Polis faces a competitive general election against the Republican nominee, state Treasurer Walker Stapleton in a contest characterized by ratings outlets as either "Leans Democratic" or "Toss-up." Colorado has voted for the Democratic nominee in each of the last three presidential elections.

Polis led in most polls. He promised free preschool and kindergarten as well as energy independence by 2040. National political figures including Rep. John Lewis (D) and interest groups such as NORML PAC and the Sierra Club endorsed him. EMILY's List and labor unions such as the Communications Workers of America and the Colorado Education Association endorsed Kennedy, who called for increased funding for public schools and the creation of a public option for health insurance. Johnston supported providing two years of tuition-free community college to state residents, the establishment of a civilian work corps, and the expansion of Medicaid to all state citizens. Former Sen. Gary Hart (D) and former Gov. Dick Lamm (D) endorsed him. Lynne, a former insurance executive, ran on her private sector experience and her two years serving alongside term-limited Gov. John Hickenlooper (D).

• Minnesota governor (August 14)

See also: Minnesota gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018 (August 14 Democratic primary)

A three-way battle for the Democratic nomination to succeed outgoing Minnesota Governor Mark Dayton (D) unfolded in Minnesota as state Rep. Erin Murphy, Rep. Tim Walz, and state Attorney General Lori Swanson sought the party's nod. Murphy earned the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party of Minnesota's endorsement at its annual convention, defeating Walz and state Auditor Rebecca Otto (D), who suspended her campaign. She has served in the state House since 2006 and has held various leadership positions within the DFL caucus since 2013.

Walz has represented the Republican-leaning 1st Congressional District since 2007. Walz's history of representing this swing district was mentioned as a factor in his loss of the DFL endorsement by Dana Melius of the St. Peter Herald. He is backed by Education Minnesota, the state's largest labor union. Swanson was serving her third term as attorney general, having been first elected in 2006. Swanson withdrew from the nominating process for attorney general at the 2018 convention after the first round of voting, launching a campaign for governor the day before the filing deadline with Rep. Rick Nolan (D) as her running mate.

• Kentucky's 6th Congressional District (May 22)

See also: Kentucky's 6th Congressional District election (May 22, 2018 Democratic primary)

Style, not policy, separated Lexington Mayor Jim Gray and Marine Corps Lt. Col. Amy McGrath as they competed for the Democratic nod in Kentucky’s 6th District. Both were ideologically moderate, said they might oppose Nancy Pelosi as House Democratic leader, and each said they would work with President Donald Trump on specific issues. Gray was encouraged to run by the DCCC and suggested he would self-fund his campaign, if necessary. McGrath achieved national fame with campaign videos highlighting her military experience and used that fame to build a national fundraising network. McGrath portrayed Gray as the party’s choice for the seat and herself as the outsider.

While Republican incumbent Andy Barr (R) won re-election in 2016 by more than 20 points, forecasters rate the general election as "Leans Republican." McGrath defeated Gray and four other candidates to win the Democratic primary, taking 49 percent of the vote.

• Virginia's 10th Congressional District (June 12)

See also: Virginia's 10th Congressional District election (June 12, 2018 Democratic primary)

Six well-funded candidates competed in the Democratic primary for Virginia's 10th Congressional District—a swing seat that simultaneously backed Hillary Clinton (D) by 10 points in the 2016 presidential election and elected Republican incumbent Rep. Barbara Comstock. Daily Kos identified Comstock as the eighth-most vulnerable Republican incumbent in the 2018 midterm elections, and it's likely Democrats had to win districts like this one to gain enough seats to win control of the House. Four candidates raised $800,000 or more through the first quarter of 2018: former senior State Department official Alison Kiehl Friedman (D), state Sen. Jennifer Wexton (D), Army veteran Daniel Helmer (D), and former Obama administration official Lindsey Davis Stover.

Wexton received about 42 percent of the vote to win the primary. Friedman finished second with 23 percent, and Stover was third with 16 percent. The general election contest between Comstock and Wexton figures to be one of the most closely watched House races of this cycle.

• Kansas' 3rd Congressional District (August 7)

See also: Kansas' 3rd Congressional District election (August 7, 2018 Democratic primary)

A field of six Democrats filed to run for the congressional seat in Kansas' 3rd District, which was held by incumbent Rep. Kevin Yoder (R) since 2011. The district voted for Hillary Clinton (D) by 1 percentage point in the 2016 presidential election, and perceived dissatisfaction with President Donald Trump (R) brought the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) optimism that the district could be in play. The DCCC placed the district on its target list for 2018.

Labor lawyer Brent Welder (D) received endorsements from Our Revolution and the Congressional Progressive Caucus among other progressive groups. Welder spent more than a year working for Bernie Sanders' (D) presidential campaign and ran on many of the policy positions that Sanders ran on in 2016, such as a $15 per hour minimum wage and Medicare for all. Welder was endorsed by Bernie Sanders (I) and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D) and he led all Democrats in small-dollar donations and cash on hand as of July.

Lawyer, economic adviser, and former mixed martial arts competitor Sharice Davids (D) ran with the backing of EMILY's List. Davis would be the first Native American woman in Congress if elected, and she got her start in politics on a federal level working on economic development programs on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. Businessman and 2016 Democratic nominee Jay Sidie, nonprofit executive Mike McCamon, teacher Tom Niermann, and retired bank manager Sylvia Williams are also running.

• New York governor (September 13)

See also: New York gubernatorial election, 2018 (September 13 Democratic primary)

Incumbent Gov. Andrew Cuomo faced a primary challenge from former 'Sex and the City' actress Cynthia Nixon. Progressives are lining up behind Nixon, who has sharply criticized Cuomo for what she frames as his shortcomings on the New York subway system, affordable housing, and renewable energy. She supports the legalization of marijuana. Nixon claims Cuomo has allowed Republicans to control the state Senate since 2012 by empowering the Independent Democratic Conference (IDC) and generally supports fiscally conservative policies. She is backed by the Working Families Party, Democracy for America, and Our Revolution.

Cuomo, who is a possible 2020 presidential contender, has the support of the state and national Democratic establishment. Hillary Clinton, Joe Biden, U.S. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, and DNC Chairman Tom Perez endorsed him, and he received the support of 95 percent of the delegates to New York's Democratic Convention. As of the end of May 2018, he had over $30 million in campaign funds available. New York was won by the Democratic candidate in each of the previous five presidential elections.

Top 10 Republican Primaries race summaries

• Arizona Senate (August 28)

See also: United States Senate election in Arizona (August 28, 2018 Republican primary)

Incumbent Sen. Jeff Flake (R) announced in October 2017 that he would not seek re-election, which initiated a high-profile campaign to succeed him as the Republican nominee. Three candidates have emerged as front-runners in the seven-person field: Rep. Martha McSally, Dr. Kelli Ward, and former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio. All three have expressed strong support for President Donald Trump. Rep. Kyrsten Sinema (D) is the likely candidate awaiting the winner of this primary, seeking to become the first Democrat to occupy a U.S. Senate seat in the state for more than 20 years. Ratings outlets characterized the general election as a Toss-up. Two June polls found that at least 20 percent of likely Republican primary voters in the state were undecided in this raceat that time.

Party leaders and big donors in the state support McSally. The newly created DefendArizona has already reserved $5 million in ad time for the general election for McSally and the Senate Leadership Fund could become involved in the primary again—the organization spent five figures on an online campaign against Ward in 2017—to help secure McSally's victory. Ward has criticized McSally’s cosponsorship of an immigration measure that would have allowed a pathway to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. illegally as minors, comparing it to her “pro-border, pro-law" platform. Arpaio, who has his own conservative base of followers, has also emphasized his support for the president. Trump pardoned Arpaio in 2017 after he was convicted of criminal contempt for refusing to stop conduct in the sheriff’s office found to be discriminatory. Arpaio also wants to take his strict position on immigration enforcement to Washington, D.C.

• Georgia governor (May 22) and runoff (July 24)

See also: Georgia gubernatorial election, 2018 (May 22 Republican primary) and Georgia gubernatorial election, 2018 (July 24 Republican primary runoff)

Lieutenant Gov. Casey Cagle and Secretary of State Brian Kemp were the top-two finishers in a five-candidate Republican primary on May 22. Cagle led the field with 39 percent of the vote and Kemp was second with 25.5 percent. Because no candidate reached 50 percent, the two will face off in a July 24 runoff. Cagle consistently led in polling before May 22, leaving Kemp and former state Sen. Hunter Hill to battle for the second position in the runoff. According to Greg Bluestein of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Cagle decided that he would rather face Kemp in the runoff, so he directed his campaign attacks against Hill in the final weeks of the campaign. Hill finished in third place with 18.3 percent of the vote. The candidates have attacked each other over policy disputes, personal ethics, and professional competence. Republican Gov. Nathan Deal endorsed Cagle on July 16. The three candidates who did not advance from the May 22 primary—Hunter Hill, Clay Tippins, and Michael Williams—endorsed Kemp.

Cagle has aired campaign ads drawing attention to Kemp’s record and calling him incompetent. Cagle said Kemp was responsible for the accidental release of Georgia voter data to media outlets in 2015, did not repay loans he guaranteed for an agricultural company, accepted illegal campaign contributions from businesses he regulated, and was not a vocal supporter of Donald Trump in 2016. Before the May primary, Cagle primarily emphasized his record as lieutenant governor and plans to cut taxes and create jobs. Kemp criticized Cagle after Clay Tippins, one of the candidates defeated in the May 22 primary, released a secretly-recorded conversation with Cagle. In the recording, Cagle said he pushed for passage of an education bill he opposed to reduce the chance fellow candidate Hunter Hill (R) would receive financial support from a pro-school choice group. Kemp also said that Cagle was mostly funded by special interest groups and lobbyists, improperly used a state airplane at taxpayer expense, and would try to legalize casino gambling if elected governor. During the primary campaign, Kemp said he wanted to put Georgia's focus on the needs of the rural parts of the state rather than metro Atlanta, and his ads emphasized his positions on immigration and gun policy.

The winner of the Cagle vs. Kemp runoff will face former state House Minority Leader Stacey Abrams (D) in the general election. Abrams is the first female gubernatorial nominee in Georgia history and the first black female gubernatorial nominee in U.S. history.

• South Carolina's 1st Congressional District (June 12)

See also South Carolina's 1st Congressional District election (June 12, 2018 Republican primary)

Incumbent Rep. Mark Sanford became the second Republican member of the U.S. House to lose his primary in 2018 after he was defeated by state Rep. Katie Arrington by a four percent margin in South Carolina's 1st Congressional District. Support for President Donald Trump (R) was one of the defining issues of the race. Sanford had been critical of Trump's rhetoric and policies, including Trump's policies on tariffs and trade, and Arrington used those comments as part of her campaigning strategy in the primary. Arrington was endorsed by Trump just hours before polls closed on June 12.

In his concession speech, Sanford said he didn't regret his positions regarding Trump: "It may have cost me an election in this case, but I stand by every one of those decisions to disagree with the president." The risks of opposing Trump were evident to other Republicans after Sanford's loss. Rep. Adam Kinzinger (R-IL) said, "I think it's quite obvious that people don't like, you know, when somebody's overly critical of the President. I thought Mark was very principled. But you know, it will be interesting to see what it comes down to ultimately." Rep. Barry Loudermilk (R-GA) stated that perhaps the issue was Sanford's criticism being so public, "I have some differences with the way we're handling tariffs, but I haven't gone out and aired those differences to the media first. I go to the White House, and there's been an open door and a dialogue going on." Outgoing Arizona Sen. Flake, who had also criticized the president publicly, stated, "This is Trump's party. We've all felt it. It was reiterated last night. If you want to win a Republican primary, you can't deviate much from the script. It's the President's script. You can't criticize policy or behavior."

• Florida governor (August 28)

See also: Florida gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018 (August 28 Republican primary)

The two leading contenders for the Republican nomination for governor in this large swing state adopted different campaign approaches and targeted two different segments of the expected primary electorate. Current incumbent Gov. Rick Scott (R) is term-limited and is running for the U.S. Senate. Rep. Ron DeSantis represented Florida's 6th Congressional District, which includes St. Augustine and Daytona Beach, since the 2012 election. In December 2017, he received an endorsement from President Trump DeSantis was the third candidate running for governor in 2018 to receive the president's endorsement, following Henry McMaster (R-SC) and Brian Calley (R-MI). DeSantis "has done very little public campaigning in Florida", having instead "hit on another strategy that political experts say exposes him to many of the most loyal Republican primary voters while masking his inexperience in state matters: Fox News", according to the Daytona Beach News-Journal. According to the News-Journal, DeSantis had appeared on Fox News 15 times during the first two months of 2018.

Agriculture Commissioner Adam Putnam raised $4.1 million via his campaign and nearly $20 million via his Florida Grown PAC by the end of January 2018. Putnam was first elected as agriculture commissioner in 2010 after serving five terms in the U.S. House of Representatives and two in the Florida House of Representatives. He "has been viewed as a moderate Republican, one of [sic] who has made a career of politics", according to Politico. On the campaign trail, Putnam has emphasized his connections to the state, saying that he is a fifth-generation Floridian who knows the state well. Two polls conducted in June showed Putnam with a double-digit lead over DeSantis, but over 40 percent of those surveyed were undecided.

• Alabama attorney general (June 5)

See also: Alabama Attorney General election, 2018 (June 5 Republican primary) and Alabama Attorney General election, 2018 (July 17 Republican primary runoff)

Attorney General Steve Marshall (R) ran for a full term for this position after being appointed in 2017. He joined Alabama Governor Kay Ivey (R) and South Carolina Governor Henry McMaster (R) as Republican state executives in the South running for a first full term after being appointed to office, and he faced multiple Republican primary challengers. No candidate received a majority of the vote in the June 5 primary. Marshall received 28.4 percent of the vote, while former Attorney General Troy King took 28.0 percent. Both candidates advanced to a primary runoff election on July 17th. Neither Alice Martin nor Chess Bedsole, who finished third and fourth in the primary, endorsed a candidate in the runoff.

Marshall was appointed attorney general in February 2017 by then-Gov. Robert Bentley (R) following Luther Strange's (R) resignation to accept a seat in the U.S. Senate. Marshall emphasized his achievements since taking office on the campaign trail, touting his office's policy initiatives on opioids and violent crime as well as litigation concerning immigration and firearms regulations. King was state attorney general from 2004 until 2011 and lost to Strange in the 2010 Republican primary. King cast his run for office as a second chance, saying that "I know a lot more now than I did seven years ago." King's campaign referred to his campaign slogan Take Alabama Back, emphasizing King's challenge to corruption, violent crime, and the political establishment.

Less than three weeks after the primary, Marshall's wife, Bridgette, died. In a June 29 press conference, Marshall disclosed that his wife had struggled with depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. Both Marshall and King suspended their campaigns following her death. King resumed his campaign on June 30, while Marshall resumed his on July 5. On July 9, 2018, King filed a complaint with the Alabama Ethics Commission against Marshall alleging that Marshall received illegal campaign contributions from the Republican Attorneys General Association (RAGA). The ethics complaint alleges that these contributions were in violation of state law since RAGA's political action committee (PAC) had received contributions from other PACs before it contributed to the Marshall campaign. King's complaint also called for criminal charges against leading members of the Marshall campaign and the national RAGA organization. In response to a June 2018 column on this issue published in AL.com, the Marshall campaign stated that the Alabama law prohibiting PAC-to-PAC transfers did not apply to federal PACs, citing documents published by the office of the Alabama Secretary of State.

In the runoff, Marshall defeated King, receiving 62 percent of the vote.

• Virginia Senate (June 12)

See also United States Senate election in Virginia (June 12, 2018 Republican primary)

In deciding who would take on U.S. Sen. Tim Kaine (D) in November, Virginia Republicans had a choice between Corey Stewart, a Prince William County supervisor tied to President Donald Trump, state Del. Nick Freitas, and minister E.W. Jackson, the Republican nominee for lieutenant governor in 2013. Running on a promise to protect the state’s Confederate monuments, Stewart lost the 2017 Republican gubernatorial primary to Ed Gillespie by one point. After Gillespie lost the general election to Ralph Northam (D), Stewart said a pro-Trump candidate like himself would have fared better. Although Freitas also supported Trump and his agenda, he made libertarian policies the focus of his campaign. He supported decriminalizing marijuana at the federal level and limiting U.S. involvement in foreign wars. Republican strategists and election experts disagreed on whether Freitas could compete with Stewart, the frontrunner, in the primary due to his lower fundraising and name recognition. In the final weeks of the primary campaign, libertarian super PACs, including the Koch brothers-aligned Americans for Prosperity and the Ron Paul-aligned America's Liberty PAC, spent to boost Freitas' candidacy.

Stewart received about 45 percent of the vote to win the primary. Freitas finished second with 43 percent, and Jackson was third with 12 percent. Stewart faced Kaine in a general election that Kaine was favored to win. Without a gubernatorial or presidential race in 2018, the Senate race was at the top of the ticket for Virginia voters and could have affected turnout for down-ballot swing seats held by Republican U.S. Reps. Barbara Comstock, Scott Taylor, and Dave Brat.

• Montana Senate (June 5)

See also: United States Senate election in Montana (June 5, 2018 Republican primary)

State Auditor Matt Rosendale won the GOP Senate nomination to take on Democratic incumbent Sen. Jon Tester in November. Rosendale was backed by several prominent conservatives, including the Club for Growth, U.S. Sens. Ted Cruz (R-Texas), Mike Lee (R-Utah), and Rand Paul (R-Ky.) and the Senate Conservatives Fund. Former state judge Russ Fagg, who billed himself as a center-right Republican with deep ties to the state, finished second in the primary. Fagg had endorsements from three former Montana governors—Judy Martz, Marc Racicot, and Stan Stephens, and said his pragmatism and state ties made him the most electable candidate. Also running were Troy Downing, a largely self-funded businessman, and state Sen. Albert Olszewski, who finished third and fourth, respectively.

Although the candidates generally focused on Tester rather than each other for much of the primary, Fagg attacked Rosendale for moving to Montana from Maryland to start a political career and criticized him for opposing the death penalty and being endorsed by Steve Bannon. The Club for Growth countered those attacks by spending over $1 million attacking Fagg. Rosendale also said his support from national conservatives made him the most likely Republican to defeat Tester. Tester is thought to be one of the most vulnerable Senate Democratic incumbents after Donald Trump won Montana by 20 points in the 2016 presidential election. CNN listed this seat among 10 U.S. Senate seats it considered most likely to flip in 2018.

• West Virginia Senate (May 8)

See also: United States Senate election in West Virginia (May 8, 2018 Republican primary)

State Attorney General Patrick Morrisey (R) defeated coal mining executive Don Blankenship (R), Rep. Evan Jenkins (R), and three other candidates for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate seat in West Virginia. Morrisey received 35 percent of the vote, while Jenkins finished second with 29 percent, and Blankenship was third with 20 percent. The top three candidates all touted their support of Trump and alignment with the President's agenda.

Satellite groups spent more than $4 million on the race, including Mountain Families PAC and Duty and Country PAC, which have ties to the Republican and Democratic national parties, respectively. Blankenship, who served a year in prison for conspiring to violate federal mine safety standards, spent more than $3 million of his own money in the race.

Republicans considered the Senate race in West Virginia one of the party’s best opportunities to change a seat from Democratic to Republican control. Donald Trump (R) defeated Hillary Clinton (D) in the 2016 presidential election here by 42 points—the largest margin of victory in any state. Morrisey, who unseated five-term incumbent state attorney general Darrell McGraw (D) in 2012, faced Democratic Sen. Joe Manchin in November.

• Minnesota's 1st Congressional District (August 14)

See also Minnesota's 1st Congressional District election (August 14, 2018 Republican primary)

In the first open race for this seat since 2006, the Republican Party is lining up behind two candidates—2016 nominee Jim Hagedorn (R) and state Sen. Carla Nelson (R)—naming them both to the National Republican Congressional Committee’s “Contenders” program. Although the district went for President Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election by 15 points, the Democratic incumbent held on to his seat by less than a percentage point. Daily Kos identified this district as the most vulnerable Democratic House seat.

Hagedorn lost to incumbent Rep. Tim Walz (D) by less than 2,500 votes in 2016, and Walz elected to run for governor this cycle. Making his fourth attempt for the seat, Hagedorn has compared himself to Reps. John Kline (R-Minn.) and Collin Peterson (D-Minn.), who each ran three or more times before being elected in the state. He has aligned himself with Trump and emphasized the farming economy, energy, and national security in his campaign. He also earned the district party’s endorsements at its convention in April.

Nelson, who has served in the state Senate since 2011, was endorsed by the anti-abortion group Susan B. Anthony List and reportedly encouraged to run for the seat by national party leaders. State party officials were less supportive, concerned they could lose control of the state Senate if a special election was called to fill her seat in a toss-up district. Nelson's campaign has focused on healthcare, the federal budget, and education policies.

• Ohio's 12th Congressional District (May 8)

See also: Ohio's 12th Congressional District special election (May 8, 2018 Republican primary)

Nine Republican candidates battled to replace former Rep. Patrick Tiberi (R), who resigned from office in January 2018 to lead the Ohio Business Roundtable. State Sen. Troy Balderson (R) and businesswoman Melanie Leneghan (R) received the most political and financial support, but State Sen. Kevin Bacon (R), former Air Force intelligence officer Tim Kane (R), and prosecutor Carol O'Brien (R) were also competitive in fundraising.

Balderson received Tiberi's endorsement, as well as a $240,000 cable and digital ad buy from Defending Main Street in April 2018. Leneghan was backed by the House Freedom Caucus, Rep. Mark Meadows (R-N.C.), Rep. Jim Jordan (R-Ohio), and House Freedom Action, the campaign arm of the House Freedom Caucus, which supported her with a $187,000 ad campaign. Club for Growth spent $150,000 on an ad alleging that Balderson voted to support the Affordable Care Act in Ohio, which the Balderson campaign called a "blatant falsehood" since the state Senate did not directly vote on the expansion of Medicaid.

Balderson finished ahead of Leneghan by about 650 votes to win this primary, 29 percent to 28 percent. He faced Franklin County Recorder Danny O'Connor (D), who won the Democratic primary, in the special election for this seat on August 7, 2018.

Methodology

Our seat rankings reflect a subjective assessment, based primarily on two factors:

• Whether the nature or result of a primary provides an indication as to the direction of the party or the relative strength of various factions within the party in that state or district,
• The extent to which the outcome of a primary impacts the party’s chances for that seat in the November elections.

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