State legislatures in 2025
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Before the 2024 state legislative elections, Democrats controlled 41 state legislative chambers, while Republicans controlled 56. In the Alaska House and Senate, there was a power-sharing agreement between the parties as part of a coalition. Following the elections, and going into 2025, Democrats controlled 39 chambers and Republicans controlled 57. The Alaska House and Senate maintained their power-sharing agreements and control of the Minnesota House was split between Democrats and Republicans 67-67.
Click here to view the results of the 2024 state legislative elections.
Partisan control
The table below highlights each state that held state legislative elections in 2024, and displays the number of seats up for election, partisan control before the election, and partisan control after the election.
Analysis of state elections
- See also: State legislative elections, 2024
In the 50 states, there are 99 state legislative chambers altogether. Across 44 states, 85 of those chambers held regular legislative elections in 2024. These elections were for 5,807 of the country's 7,386 state legislative seats (79%). The general election for state legislative races was held on November 5, 2024.
Two state legislative chambers, the Michigan and Minnesota state Houses, changed party control following the 2024 general election. Republicans won control of the Michigan House from Democrats, and won a tie in the Minnesota House.
To learn more about the state legislative races that were on your ballot, click here to use our Sample Ballot Lookup tool.
States are also holding special state legislative elections in 2024 to fill vacant seats. Click here for more.
In the U.S. Territories, seven legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 169 seats in 2024. Elections were held for the American Samoa House of Representatives, the Guam Legislature, the Puerto Rico Senate and House of Representatives, the Northern Mariana Islands Senate and House of Representatives, and the U.S. Virgin Islands Legislature.
As of October 3rd, 2025, Republicans controlled 55.47% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 43.69%. Republicans held a majority in 57 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 39 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. One chamber (Minnesota House of Representatives) was split evenly between both parties.
| Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legislative chamber | 
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|
 Other
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Vacant | ||||
| State senates | 834 | 1,122 | 5 | 12 | ||||
| State houses | 2,393 | 2,975 | 20 | 25 | ||||
| Total: | 3,227
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4,097
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25
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37 | ||||
Featured analysis
- State legislative seats that changed party control in 2024: As a result of the Nov. 5, 2024, elections, partisan composition of all 7,386 state legislative seats changed by 0.7 percentage points. Democrats had a net loss of 54 seats, representing 0.7% of all state legislative seats. Republicans had a net gain of 55 seats, representing 0.7% of all state legislative seats. Independents and minor party officeholders had a net loss of one seat, representing 0.01% of all state legislative seats.
- Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 12, 2022: Competitiveness refers to the presence of choice throughout the election cycle. A greater level of competitiveness means voters have the ability to make more decisions. A lower level of competitiveness equals fewer choices. State legislative competitiveness in 2022 reached its highest level compared to all even-year election cycles since 2010. In 2022, the nationwide State Legislative Competitiveness Index is 36.2, beating out 2018 (36.1) and the 2012 post-redistricting cycle (35.2).
Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 state legislative elections.
- Annual Competitiveness Report
- State legislative special elections
- Primary election competitiveness in state and federal government, 2024
- Impact of term limits
- Open seats
- Contested primaries
- Incumbents in contested primaries
- Data on incumbents defeated in 2024
- Major party competition
- Unconstested incumbents
- Trifecta vulnerability in the 2024 elections
- Candidates with the same last names, 2024
- Rematches in 2024 general elections
- Ballotpedia's Top 15 Elections to Watch, 2024
- Trends in the margins of victory for incumbents of three or more terms, 2018-2024
- Election results, 2024: State legislative veto-proof majorities
- Wave election analysis
- Election results, 2024: Incumbent win rates by state
- Election results, 2024: Uncontested races by state
- Incumbents who won primaries by five percentage points or fewer or with a plurality, 2024
- Margin of victory analysis for the 2024 state legislative elections
- Election results, 2024: State legislative races decided by fewer than 100 votes
See also
- Number of state legislators
- State legislative elections, 2024
- State legislative special elections, 2024
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