Arizona House of Representatives elections, 2018
- General election: Nov. 6
- Voter registration deadline: Oct. 9
- Early voting: Oct. 10 - Nov. 2
- Absentee voting deadline: Postmark Nov. 6
- Online registration: Yes
- Same-day registration: No
- Voter ID: Non-photo ID
- Poll times: 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
2020 →
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2018 Arizona House elections | |
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General | November 6, 2018 |
Primary | August 28, 2018 |
Past election results |
2016・2014・2012・2010・2008 2006・2004・2002・2000 |
2018 elections | |
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Choose a chamber below: | |
Republicans maintained their majority despite losing seats in the 2018 elections for the Arizona House of Representatives, winning 31 seats to Democrats' 29. All 60 House seats were up for election. At the time of the election, Republicans held 35 seats to Democrats' 25.
The Republican Party maintained its trifecta in Arizona in 2018 by holding its majorities in the state Senate and House and by retaining the governorship.
The Arizona House of Representatives was one of 87 state legislative chambers with elections in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
Arizona state representatives serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years. There are 30 multi-member state House districts that elect two members each.
For more information about the Democratic primary, click here.
For more information about the Republican primary, click here.
Post-election analysis
- See also: State legislative elections, 2018
The Republican Party maintained control of both chambers of the Arizona State Legislature in the 2018 election. The Arizona State Senate was identified as a battleground chamber. All 30 seats were up for election. The Republican majority was maintained at 17-13. No incumbents were defeated in the general election.
The Arizona House of Representatives held elections for all 60 seats. The Republican majority in the House of Representatives was reduced from 35-25 to 31-29. One Democratic incumbent and two Republican incumbents were defeated in the primary. Three Republican incumbents were defeated in the general election.
National background
On November 6, 2018, 87 of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 6,073 of 7,383 total seats, meaning that nearly 82 percent of all state legislative seats were up for election.
- Entering the 2018 election, Democrats held 42.6 percent, Republicans held 56.8 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.6 percent of the seats up for regular election.
- Following the 2018 election, Democrats held 47.3 percent, Republicans held 52.3 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.4 percent of the seats up for regular election.
- A total of 469 incumbents were defeated over the course of the election cycle, with roughly one-third of them defeated in the primary.
Want more information?
- Incumbents defeated in 2018's state legislative elections
- 2018 election analysis: Partisan balance of state legislative chambers
- 2018 election analysis: Number of state legislators by party
- 2018 election analysis: State legislative supermajorities
Candidates
General election candidates
Arizona House of Representatives General Election 2018 |
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Office | ![]() |
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Other |
District 1 (2 seats) |
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District 2 (2 seats) |
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District 3 (2 seats) |
Beryl Baker (Green Party) |
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District 4 (2 seats) |
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Sara Mae Williams (Green Party) |
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District 5 (2 seats) |
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District 6 (2 seats) |
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District 7 (2 seats) |
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District 8 (2 seats) |
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District 9 (2 seats) |
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District 10 (2 seats) |
Todd Clodfelter (i) |
Joshua Reilly (Green Party) |
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District 11 (2 seats) |
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District 12 (2 seats) |
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District 13 (2 seats) |
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District 14 (2 seats) |
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District 15 (2 seats) |
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District 16 (2 seats) |
Richard Grayson (Green Party) |
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District 17 (2 seats) |
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District 18 (2 seats) |
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District 19 (2 seats) |
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District 20 (2 seats) |
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District 21 (2 seats) |
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District 22 (2 seats) |
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District 23 (2 seats) |
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District 24 (2 seats) |
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District 25 (2 seats) |
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District 26 (2 seats) |
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District 27 (2 seats) |
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District 28 (2 seats) |
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District 29 (2 seats) |
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District 30 (2 seats) |
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Write-in candidates
- Ron Ha'o (R), District 22
- Christopher Karpurk (L), District 24
- Julian Szymanski (none), District 27
Primary candidates
Margins of victory
A margin of victory (MOV) analysis for the 2018 Arizona House of Representatives races is presented in this section. MOV represents the percentage of total votes that separated the winner and the second-place finisher. For example, if the winner of a race received 47 percent of the vote and the second-place finisher received 45 percent of the vote, the MOV is 2 percent.
The table below presents the following figures for each party:
- Elections won
- Elections won by less than 10 percentage points
- Elections won without opposition
- Average margin of victory[1]
Arizona House of Representatives: 2018 Margin of Victory Analysis | ||||
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Party | Elections won[2] | Elections won by less than 10% | Unopposed elections | Average margin of victory[1] |
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Total[3] |
The margin of victory in each race is presented below. The list is sorted from the closest MOV to the largest (including unopposed races). Red dots represent Republicans, blue dots represent Democrats, and green dots represent Green Party candidates. Candidates are ordered from left to right based on their share of the vote. The margin of victory is the margin between the bottom-place winner and the top-place losing candidate.
Seats flipped
The below map displays each seat in the Arizona House of Representatives which changed partisan hands as a result of the 2018 elections, shaded according to the partisan affiliation of the winner in 2018. Hover over a shaded district for more information.
State legislative seats flipped in 2018, Arizona House of Representatives | |||
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District | Incumbent | 2018 winner | Direction of flip |
Arizona House of Representatives District 10 | ![]() |
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R to D |
Arizona House of Representatives District 17 | ![]() |
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R to D |
Arizona House of Representatives District 18 | ![]() |
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R to D |
Arizona House of Representatives District 28 | ![]() |
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R to D |
Incumbents retiring
Nineteen incumbents did not run for re-election in 2018.[4] Those incumbents were:
Name | Party | Current Office |
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Sally Ann Gonzales | ![]() |
House District 3 |
Macario Saldate | ![]() |
House District 3 |
Brenda Barton | ![]() |
House District 6 |
Wenona Benally | ![]() |
House District 7 |
Eric Descheenie | ![]() |
House District 7 |
Vince Leach | ![]() |
House District 11 |
Eddie Farnsworth | ![]() |
House District 12 |
Drew John | ![]() |
House District 14 |
Heather Carter | ![]() |
House District 15 |
Doug Coleman | ![]() |
House District 16 |
J.D. Mesnard | ![]() |
House District 17 |
Mark Cardenas | ![]() |
House District 19 |
Paul Boyer | ![]() |
House District 20 |
David Livingston | ![]() |
House District 22 |
Michelle Ugenti-Rita | ![]() |
House District 23 |
Lela Alston | ![]() |
House District 24 |
Rebecca Rios | ![]() |
House District 27 |
Ray Martinez | ![]() |
House District 30 |
Tony Navarrete | ![]() |
House District 30 |
Process to become a candidate
See statutes: Title 16, Chapter 3 of the Arizona Revised Statutes
Candidates in Arizona can access the ballot as political party candidates, independent candidates, or write-in candidates. Candidates must file a statement of interest, nomination paper, financial disclosure statement, and nomination petitions.[5] Candidates file in-person or online, though the Candidate Portal, depending on the document in question.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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Political party candidates
Political party candidates are nominated in primary elections. If no candidate is nominated at the primary election for a specific office, no candidate for that office can appear on the general election ballot for that political party.[6][7]
A political party candidate must file his or her nomination documents during the candidate filing period, which begins 120 days before the primary and ends 90 days before the primary. At the time of filing, a candidate must be a qualified voter residing in the geographic area represented by the office being sought. The following documents must be filed in order to gain ballot access:Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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- a financial disclosure statement
- an affidavit affirming that the candidate will be eligible to hold office if elected
- a nomination paper including the following information:
- candidate’s residence address
- name of the party with which the candidate is affiliated
- office the candidate seeks, with district or precinct, if applicable
- the candidate’s name as the candidate wishes it to appear on the ballot
- date of the primary and corresponding general election
- a nomination petition
Nomination petitions must be signed by qualified electors who are eligible to vote for the office the candidate is seeking. A qualified signer may be a "registered member of the party from which the candidate is seeking nomination," a "registered member of a political party that is not entitled to continued representation on the ballot," or an independent. To calculate the number of petition signatures needed, the voter registration totals as of the year of the election must be used. Signature requirements vary according to the office being sought. See the table below for further details.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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Formulas for determining signature requirements for political party candidates | ||
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Office sought | Minimum signatures required | Maximum signatures allowed |
United States Senator or state executive office | At least one-fourth of 1 percent of the total number of qualified signers** | No more than 10 percent of the total number of qualified signers |
United States Representative | At least one-half of 1 percent of the total number of qualified signers in the district the candidate seeks to represent | No more than 10 percent of the total number of qualified signers in the district the candidate seeks to represent |
State legislative office | At least one-half of 1 percent of the total number of qualified signers in the district the candidate seeks to represent | No more than 3 percent of the total number of qualified signers in the district the candidate seeks to represent |
Newly qualified political party candidates
A candidate of a newly qualified political party must file the same documents at the same time as other political party candidates. Petition signature requirements are different for newly qualified political party candidates. A candidate of a new political party must file signatures equal to at least one-tenth of 1 percent of the total votes cast for the winning presidential or gubernatorial candidate at the last general election in the district the candidate seeks to represent.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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Independent candidates
A candidate may not run as an independent if he or she is representing a party that failed to qualify for the primary election. Additionally, a candidate cannot run as an independent if he or she tried and failed to qualify as a political party candidate in the primary.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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An independent candidate must be nominated by petition to run in the general election. The nomination petition must be filed with the financial disclosure statement during the candidate filing period, which begins 120 days before the primary election and ends 90 days before the primary election.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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An independent candidate's nomination petition must be signed by registered voters eligible to vote for the office the candidate is seeking. The number of signatures required on the petition is equal to at least 3 percent of all registered voters who are not affiliated with a recognized political party in the district the candidate seeks to represent. Signature requirement figures should be calculated using voter registration data from the year of the election. Though the number of signatures required to gain ballot access as an independent is related to the number of registered voters who are not affiliated with recognized political parties, the affiliation of those signing the petitions does not matter as long as they have not already signed a political party candidate's petition.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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Write-in candidates
A candidate may not file as a write-in if any of the following are true:Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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- The candidate ran in the primary election and failed to get elected.
- The candidate did not file enough signatures to be allowed ballot access when previously filing for primary ballot access.
- The candidate filed nomination petitions to run in the general election but did not submit enough valid signatures to gain ballot access.
Write-in votes will not be counted unless the write-in candidate files a nomination paper and financial disclosure form no later than 5 p.m. on the 40th day before the election in which the candidate intends to run. The nomination paper must include the following information:Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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- the candidate's name and signature
- the candidate's residence address or description of place of residence and post office address
- the candidate's age
- the length of time the candidate has been a resident of the state
- the candidate's date of birth
Qualifications
Article 4, Part 2, Section 2 of the Arizona Constitution states: "No person shall be a member of the Legislature unless he shall be a citizen of the United States at the time of his election, nor unless he shall be at least twenty-five years of age, and shall have been a resident of Arizona at least three years and of the county from which he is elected at least one year before his election."
Salaries and per diem
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
State legislative salaries, 2024[8] | |
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Salary | Per diem |
$24,000/year | For legislators residing within Maricopa County: $35/day. For legislators residing outside of Maricopa County: $251.66. |
When sworn in
Arizona legislators assume office on the first day of the session after they are elected. Each regular session begins on the second Monday in January.[9]
Arizona political history
Party control
2018
In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the Arizona House of Representatives was reduced from 35-25 to 31-29.
Arizona House of Representatives | |||
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Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
Democratic Party | 25 | 29 | |
Republican Party | 35 | 31 | |
Total | 60 | 60 |
2016
In the 2016 elections, the Republican majority in the Arizona House of Representatives shrank from 36-24 to 35-25.
Arizona House of Representatives | |||
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Party | As of November 7, 2016 | After November 8, 2016 | |
Democratic Party | 24 | 25 | |
Republican Party | 36 | 35 | |
Total | 60 | 60 |
Trifectas
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Republicans in Arizona gained a state government trifecta following the 2008 elections. From 1992 to 2017, Republicans held trifecta status for 17 years, from 1993 to 2001 and from 2009 to 2017.
Arizona Party Control: 1992-2025
No Democratic trifectas • Twenty-two years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
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Governor | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D |
Senate | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
House | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Impact of term limits
The Arizona House of Representatives has been a term-limited state house since Arizona passed Proposition 107 in 1992. Arizona representatives serve two-year terms with a four-term/eight-year term limit. Arizona's term limits apply to parts of terms and not just full terms.
All 60 seats in the Arizona House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. In the 2018 elections, eight representatives were ineligible to run because of term limits. The following state representatives were term limited in 2018:
Democratic: (3)
Republicans (5):
Of the 87 state legislative chambers that held elections in 2018, 24 of them—12 senate chambers and 12 house chambers—included incumbents who were unable to run for re-election due to term limits.[10] In the 24 chambers affected by term limits in 2018, 1,463 seats were up for election.[11] The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate are impacted by term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
A total of 271 state legislators—96 state senators and 175 state representatives—were ineligible to run in the 2018 elections because of term limits. This represented 4 percent of the 6,066 total seats up for election in November 2018.[12][13] Republicans had twice as many state legislators term-limited in 2018 as Democrats. A total of 86 Democrats were term-limited, while 177 Republicans were term-limited.
Wave election analysis
- See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)
The term wave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makes significant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?
Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from President Woodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 to Donald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016. We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.
Applying this definition to state legislative elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose 494 seats for 2018 to qualify as a wave election.
The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 state legislative waves from 1918 to 2016. Click here to read the full report.
State legislative wave elections | ||||||
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Year | President | Party | Election type | State legislative seats change | Elections analyzed[14] | |
1932 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -1,022 | 7,365 | |
1922 | Harding | R | First midterm | -907 | 6,907 | |
1966 | Johnson | D | First midterm[15] | -782 | 7,561 | |
1938 | Roosevelt | D | Second midterm | -769 | 7,179 | |
1958 | Eisenhower | R | Second midterm | -702 | 7,627 | |
2010 | Obama | D | First midterm | -702 | 7,306 | |
1974 | Ford | R | Second midterm[16] | -695 | 7,481 | |
1920 | Wilson | D | Presidential | -654 | 6,835 | |
1930 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -640 | 7,361 | |
1954 | Eisenhower | R | First midterm | -494 | 7,513 |
Competitiveness
Every year, Ballotpedia uses official candidate lists from each state to examine the competitiveness of every state legislative race in the country. Nationally, there has been a steady decline in electoral competitiveness since 2010. Most notable is that the number of districts with general election competition has dropped by more than 10 percent.
Results from 2016
Click here to read the full study »
Historical context
Uncontested elections: In 2014, 32.8 percent of Americans lived in states with an uncontested state senate election. Similarly, 40.4 percent of Americans lived in states with uncontested house elections. Primary elections were uncontested even more frequently, with 61 percent of people living in states with no contested primaries. Uncontested elections often occur in locations that are so politically one-sided that the result of an election would be a foregone conclusion regardless of whether it was contested or not.
Open seats: In most cases, an incumbent will run for re-election, which decreases the number of open seats available. In 2014, 83 percent of the 6,057 seats up for election saw the incumbent running for re-election. The states that impose term limits on their legislatures typically see a higher percentage of open seats in a given year because a portion of incumbents in each election are forced to leave office. Overall, the number of open seats decreased from 2012 to 2014, dropping from 21.2 percent in 2012 to 17.0 percent in 2014.
Incumbent win rates: Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of elections between 1972 and 2014 documented the high propensity for incumbents to win re-election in state legislative elections. In fact, since 1972, the win rate for incumbents had not dropped below 90 percent—with the exception of 1974, when 88 percent of incumbents were re-elected to their seats. Perhaps most importantly, the win rate for incumbents generally increased over time. In 2014, 96.5 percent of incumbents were able to retain their seats. Common convention holds that incumbents are able to leverage their office to maintain their seat. However, the high incumbent win rate may actually be a result of incumbents being more likely to hold seats in districts that are considered safe for their party.
Marginal primaries: Often, competitiveness is measured by examining the rate of elections that have been won by amounts that are considered marginal (5 percent or less). During the 2014 election, 90.1 percent of primary and general election races were won by margins higher than 5 percent. Interestingly, it is usually the case that only one of the two races—primary or general—will be competitive at a time. This means that if a district's general election is competitive, typically one or more of the district's primaries were won by more than 5 percent. The reverse is also true: If a district sees a competitive primary, it is unlikely that the general election for that district will be won by less than 5 percent. Primaries often see very low voter turnout in comparison to general elections. In 2014, there were only 27 million voters for state legislative primaries, but approximately 107 million voters for the state legislative general elections.
Pivot Counties
- See also: Pivot Counties by state
Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states. No counties in Arizona are Pivot Counties.
Donald Trump (R) defeated Hillary Clinton (D) in the 2016 presidential election. Trump won 48.7 percent of the vote, while Clinton won 45.1 percent. Arizona was one of 12 key battleground states in 2016. Of the 30 states won by Trump in 2016, Arizona had the fifth closest margin. From when it became a state in 1912 to 2016, Arizona voted Republican in 66.7 percent of presidential elections. It voted Republican in all presidential elections from 2000 to 2016.
Presidential results by legislative district
The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Arizona. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[17][18]
In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 12 out of 30 state House districts in Arizona with an average margin of victory of 25 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 14 out of 30 state House districts in Arizona with an average margin of victory of 27.5 points. Clinton won two districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections. |
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 18 out of 30 state House districts in Arizona with an average margin of victory of 22.9 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 16 out of 30 state House districts in Arizona with an average margin of victory of 21.5 points. |
2016 presidential results by state House district | |||||||
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District | Obama | Romney | 2012 Margin | Clinton | Trump | 2016 Margin | Party Control |
1 | 30.1% | 68.2% | R+38.2 | 28.6% | 66.9% | R+38.3 | R |
2 | 57.2% | 41.6% | D+15.7 | 59.4% | 36.1% | D+23.2 | D |
3 | 70.0% | 28.1% | D+41.9 | 70.2% | 24.4% | D+45.8 | D |
4 | 54.3% | 44.2% | D+10.2 | 56.8% | 38.2% | D+18.7 | D |
5 | 28.1% | 70.0% | R+41.9 | 22.2% | 73.5% | R+51.3 | R |
6 | 42.2% | 55.6% | R+13.4 | 41.7% | 52.1% | R+10.4 | R |
7 | 63.2% | 35.4% | D+27.8 | 59.8% | 34.1% | D+25.7 | D |
8 | 44.7% | 53.5% | R+8.8 | 40.2% | 54.6% | R+14.4 | R |
9 | 53.4% | 44.9% | D+8.4 | 56.8% | 37.9% | D+18.9 | D |
10 | 51.8% | 46.5% | D+5.4 | 52.9% | 41.6% | D+11.4 | D |
11 | 39.7% | 59.0% | R+19.3 | 40.6% | 54.5% | R+13.9 | R |
12 | 32.5% | 65.9% | R+33.4 | 34.8% | 59.3% | R+24.5 | R |
13 | 33.5% | 65.1% | R+31.6 | 34.1% | 61.1% | R+27 | R |
14 | 35.7% | 62.5% | R+26.8 | 33.6% | 59.9% | R+26.2 | R |
15 | 36.4% | 61.9% | R+25.4 | 39.1% | 55.7% | R+16.6 | R |
16 | 35.0% | 63.1% | R+28.1 | 32.9% | 61.3% | R+28.4 | R |
17 | 42.1% | 56.2% | R+14.2 | 45.1% | 49.2% | R+4.1 | R |
18 | 48.1% | 50.0% | R+1.9 | 51.9% | 41.5% | D+10.4 | R |
19 | 66.4% | 32.1% | D+34.3 | 67.4% | 27.2% | D+40.3 | D |
20 | 42.4% | 55.3% | R+12.9 | 42.7% | 50.7% | R+8 | R |
21 | 40.6% | 58.0% | R+17.4 | 39.8% | 55.0% | R+15.2 | R |
22 | 33.4% | 65.4% | R+31.9 | 33.7% | 62.1% | R+28.4 | R |
23 | 35.9% | 62.9% | R+26.9 | 41.2% | 54.6% | R+13.3 | R |
24 | 63.2% | 34.4% | D+28.8 | 65.9% | 27.7% | D+38.3 | D |
25 | 33.1% | 65.1% | R+31.9 | 35.1% | 58.7% | R+23.6 | R |
26 | 58.3% | 38.5% | D+19.8 | 59.4% | 31.9% | D+27.5 | D |
27 | 75.2% | 23.2% | D+52 | 74.1% | 20.6% | D+53.5 | D |
28 | 44.6% | 53.6% | R+9 | 49.9% | 44.6% | D+5.3 | R |
29 | 64.7% | 33.6% | D+31.1 | 65.0% | 29.3% | D+35.7 | D |
30 | 61.3% | 36.7% | D+24.7 | 62.2% | 31.7% | D+30.5 | D |
Total | 44.6% | 53.7% | R+9.1 | 45.5% | 49.0% | R+3.6 | - |
Source: Daily Kos |
See also
- Arizona House of Representatives
- Arizona State Legislature
- State legislative elections, 2018
- Arizona state legislative Democratic primaries, 2018
- Arizona state legislative Republican primaries, 2018
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Excludes unopposed elections
- ↑ Defined as the number of districts where at least one of this party's candidates won.
- ↑ These numbers are lower than the sum of the figures found in the above rows due to the presence of multimember districts.
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
- ↑ Arizona Secretary of State, "Running for Statewide Office," accessed July 23, 2025
- ↑ Arizona Revised Statutes, "Title 16, Chapter 3, Section 301," accessed July 23, 2025
- ↑ Arizona Revised Statutes, "Title 16, Chapter 3, Section 302," accessed July 23, 2025
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Arizona Revised Statutes, "41-1101, Section B," accessed November 22, 2016
- ↑ The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate were up for election in 2018 and have term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018.
- ↑ The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate are impacted by term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018. In the three chambers, a total of 129 seats were up for election in 2018. No legislators were unable to run in 2018 in those three chamber because of term limits.
- ↑ Ballotpedia confirmed through phone calls that at least seven California legislators were term-limited in 2018. The number of California legislators term-limited and the overall number of term-limited state legislators had a chance to change if Ballotpedia could confirm that more members were term-limited in 2018.
- ↑ Some of the 271 term-limited state legislators in 2018 may resign before their term ends. These legislators were still counted in the total number of term-limited legislators in 2018.
- ↑ The number of state legislative seats available for analysis varied, with as many as 7,795 and as few as 6,835.
- ↑ Lyndon Johnson's (D) first term began in November 1963 after the death of President John F. Kennedy (D), who was first elected in 1960. Before Johnson had his first midterm in 1966, he was re-elected president in 1964.
- ↑ Gerald Ford's (R) first term began in August 1974 following the resignation of President Richard Nixon (R), who was first elected in 1968 and was re-elected in 1972. Because Ford only served for two full months before facing the electorate, this election is classified as Nixon's second midterm.
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017