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Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2018

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State legislative term limits analysis
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Impact of term limits
by year
2018・2016・ 2014
2012・2011・2010
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Arizona・Arkansas・California
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Colorado・ Florida・Maine
Michigan・Missouri・Montana
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State legislatures with term limits
Term limits on the ballot
2018 state legislative elections

Of the 87 state legislative chambers that held elections in 2018, 24 of them—12 senate chambers and 12 house chambers—included incumbents who were unable to run for re-election due to term limits.[1] In the 24 chambers affected by term limits in 2018, 1,463 seats were up for election.[2] The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate are impacted by term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.

In 29 legislative chambers across 15 states, state legislators are subject to term limits. In the United States, there are 1,972 state senate seats and 5,411 state house seats. Of the 1,972 senate seats, 562 seats (29 percent) are subject to term limits. Of the 5,411 house seats, 1,368 seats (25 percent) are subject to term limits.

HIGHLIGHTS
  • A total of 271 state legislators—96 state senators and 175 state representatives—were ineligible to run in the 2018 elections because of term limits. This represented 4 percent of the 6,066 total seats up for election in November 2018.[3][4]
  • The 2018 elections have the second-highest number of term-limited state legislators since Ballotpedia began to track term limits in 2010. In 2010, 375 state legislators were term-limited.
  • Republicans had twice as many state legislators term-limited in 2018 than Democrats. A total of 86 Democrats were term-limited, while 177 Republicans were term-limited. In even-numbered election years between 2010 and 2016, Democrats averaged 128 term-limited legislators, while Republicans averaged 139 term-limited legislators.
  • The Michigan State Senate and the Missouri House of Representatives had the highest percentage of legislators affected by term limits in 2018. In the Michigan Senate, 68 percent of the chamber was term-limited in 2018, while 27 percent of the Missouri House could not run for office again in 2018 due to term limits.
    • See also: State legislative elections, 2018

    Term-limited legislators by state

    The map below displays the 15 states that use term limits for state legislators. All 15 states held elections in 2018 except Louisiana. Click on a state below to see the total number of termed-out state legislators in 2018 as well as a breakdown of the totals for each legislative chamber.

    States with the biggest term limit impacts

    • The Michigan State Senate had the highest percentage of state senators term-limited in 2018. Of the 38 seats up for election, 26 Michigan senators, or 68 percent of the chamber, was term-limited in 2018.
    • Missouri had the highest percentage of state representatives term-limited in 2018. Of the 163 seats up for election, 44 Missouri representatives, or 27 percent of the chamber, was term-limited in 2018.

    States with the smallest term limit impacts

    Democratic and Republican term-limited incumbents

    Term limits can often have an impact on the competitiveness of a state legislative election because term limits create open seats. Open seats are believed to be more electorally competitive than seats in which an incumbent is running for re-election because incumbents tend to win re-election. A 2015 study by Ballotpedia found that in state legislative elections between 1972 and 2014, the incumbency win rate never fell below 90 percent, with the exception of 1974 when 88 percent of incumbents won re-election.

    In total, 263 state legislators—86 Democratic and 177 Republican—were term-limited in 2018 and were associated with either the Democratic or Republican parties. There were four states where term limits had the potential to have an outsized impact: Arizona, Colorado, Maine, and Michigan. The number of open seats created by term limits in these states in 2018 created opportunities for either party to gain or lose enough seats to reshape partisan control of one or both legislative chambers in the state. Read below to find out how each senate and house chamber in these four states were affected by term limits in the 2018 elections.

    Senate

    A total of 90 state senators—28 Democratic and 62 Republican—were term-limited in 2018 and were associated with either the Democratic or Republican parties. Going into the 2018 elections, the Democratic Party was the majority party in one of the 12 term-limited state senates with elections in 2018. The Republican Party was the majority in 10 of the 12 state senates with elections in 2018.[5] Nebraska's state Senate is term-limited and officially nonpartisan.

    Democrats: One state senate—Colorado—had more Democrats term-limited than Republicans.

    • Colorado: Out of the 17 seats up for election in the Colorado State Senate in 2018, seven seats—four Democratic and three Republican—were affected by term limits. This represented 41.2 percent of the seats up for election in 2018. As of July 2017, Republican held a 18-17 majority in the Senate.

    Republicans: Eight state senates—California, Arizona, Florida, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, and Ohio—had more Republicans term-limited than Democrats. As of July 2017, every chamber was held by a Republican majority except the California State Senate.

    • Arizona: Of the 30 seats up for election in 2018, six seats—four Republican and two Democratic—were affected by term limits. This represented 20.0 percent of the seats up for election in 2018. As of July 2017, Republicans held a 17-13 majority in the Senate.
    • Maine: Of the 35 seats up for election in 2018, eight seats—seven Republican and one Democratic—were affected by term limits. This represented 22.9 percent of the seats up for election in 2018. As of July 2017, Republicans held a 18-17 majority in the Senate.
    • Michigan: Of the 38 seats up for election in 2018, 26 seats—19 Republican and seven Democratic—were affected by term limits. This represented 68.4 percent of the seats up for election in 2018. As of July 2017, Republicans held a 27-11 majority in the Senate.
    2018 term-limited state senate elections
    State Majority party Democratic Party Democratic
    term-limited         		Republican Party Republican
    term-limited         		Independent Nonpartisan
    term-limited         		Seats up in 2018 % of seats
    Arizona Republican 2 4 0 30 20.0%
    Arkansas Republican 0 0 0 18 0.0%
    California Democratic 2 4 0 20 30.0%
    Colorado Republican 4 3 0 17 41.2%
    Florida Republican 0 2 0 20 10.0%
    Maine Republican 1 7 0 35 22.9%
    Michigan Republican 7 19 0 38 68.4%
    Missouri Republican 1 8 0 17 52.9%
    Montana Republican 2 4 0 25 24.0%
    Nebraska Nonpartisan[6] 0 0 6 24 25.0%
    Nevada Democratic 0 0 0 11 0.0%
    Ohio Republican 4 6 0 17 58.8%
    Oklahoma Republican 3 3 0 24 25.0%
    South Dakota Republican 2 2 0 35 11.4%
    Total --- 28 62 6 331 29.0%

    House

    A total of 173 state representatives—58 Democratic and 115 Republican—were term-limited in 2018 and were associated with either the Democratic or Republican parties. Heading into the 2018 elections, the Democratic Party was the majority party in four of the 12 term-limited state houses with elections in 2018. The Republican Party held the majority in eight of the 12 term-limited state houses with elections in 2018.[7]

    Democrats: Four state houses—California, Colorado, Nevada, and Michigan—had more Democrats term-limited than Republicans. As of July 2017, every chamber was held by a Democratic majority except the Michigan House.

    • Colorado: Of the 65 seats up for election in 2018, five Democratic seats, were affected by term limits. This represented 7.7 percent of the seats up for election in 2018. As of July 2017, Democrats held a 37-28 majority in the House.
    • Michigan: Of the 110 seats up for election in 2018, 24 seats—13 Democratic and 11 Republican—were affected by term limits. This represented 21.8 percent of the seats up for election in 2018. As of July 2017, Republicans held a 63-47 majority in the House.

    Republicans: Eight state houses—Arizona, Florida, Missouri, Montana, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Maine—had more Republicans term-limited than Democrats. As of July 2017, every chamber was held by a Republican majority except the Maine House.

    • Arizona: Of the 60 seats up for election in 2018, eight seats—three Democratic and five Republican—were affected by term limits. This represented 13.3 percent of the seats up for election in 2018. As of July 2017, Republicans held a 35-25 majority in the House.
    • Maine: Of the 151 seats up for election in 2018, 19 seats—five Democratic and 14 Republican—were affected by term limits. This represented 12.6 percent of the seats up for election in 2018. As of July 2017, Democrats held a 75-71 majority in the House with five independents. In addition, two independent seats were term-limited in 2018 and were both held previously by Democratic members before they switched their party affiliation in May 2017.
    2018 term-limited state house elections
    State Majority party Democratic Party Democratic
    term-limited         		Republican Party Republican
    term-limited         		Independent Nonpartisan
    term-limited         		Seats up in 2018 % of seats
    Arizona Republican 3 5 0 60 13.3%
    Arkansas Republican 0 0 0 100 0%
    California Democratic 1 0 0 80 1.3%
    Colorado Democratic 5 0 0 65 7.7%
    Florida Republican 3 17 0 120 16.7%
    Maine Democratic 5 14 2 151 13.9%
    Michigan Republican 13 11 0 110 21.8%
    Missouri Republican 8 36 0 163 27%
    Montana Republican 5 9 0 100 14%
    Nevada Democratic 1 0 0 42 2.4%
    Ohio Republican 8 12 0 99 20.2%
    Oklahoma Republican 5 7 0 101 11.9%
    South Dakota Republican 1 4 0 70 7.1%
    Total --- 58 115 2 1,261 13.9%

    State senators

    See also: Impact of term limits on state senate elections in 2018

    There were 42 state senates that held general elections in November 2018. In 14 of these states, state senators were subject to term limits. Louisiana is the only state with state senate term limits that did not have a general election in 2018.

    A total of 96 state senators were ineligible to run for re-election in 2018 because of term limit laws in their state. This represented 32 percent of the 302 seats up for election in the 12 term-limited state senates with elections in November 2018. The Nevada Senate and Arkansas Senate were up for election in 2018 and have term limits, but no senators were impacted by term limits in 2018. This included:

    • 28 incumbent Democratic state senators
    • 62 incumbent Republican state senators
    • 6 nonpartisan state senators[8]

    Some of the 96 state senators listed below may have resigned before their term ended. These officials were still counted in the total number of term-limited state senators in 2018.

    1. Anastasia Pittman (D), Oklahoma State Senate, District 48.
    2. Andrew Kerr (D), Colorado State Senate, District 22.
    3. Anthony Cannella (R), California State Senate District 12.
    4. Anthony Sykes (R), Oklahoma State Senate District 24.
    5. Arlan Meekhof (R), Michigan State Senate, District 30.
    6. Bert Johnson (D), Michigan State Senate, District 2.
    7. Bill Beagle (R), Ohio State Senate, District 5.
    8. Bill Brown (R), Oklahoma State Senate District 36.
    9. Billie Sutton (D), South Dakota State Senate, District 21.
    10. Bob Dixon (R), Missouri State Senate, District 30.
    11. Bob Krist (R), Nebraska State Senate, District 10.
    12. Brian Langley (R), Maine State Senate, District 7.
    13. Brian Munzlinger (R), Missouri State Senate, District 18.
    14. Burke Harr (D), Nebraska State Senate, District 8.
    15. Charleta B. Tavares (D), Ohio State Senate, District 15.
    16. Chas Vincent (R), Montana State Senate, District 1.
    17. Cheri Jahn (D), Colorado State Senate, District 20.
    18. Coleman Young II (D), Michigan State Senate, District 1.
    19. Dan Brown (R), Missouri State Senate, District 16.
    20. Darwin Booher (R), Michigan State Senate, District 35.
    21. Dave Hildenbrand (R), Michigan State Senate, District 29.
    22. David Robertson (R), Michigan State Senate, District 14.
    23. Dawn Hill (D), Maine State Senate, District 35.
    24. Deb Peters (R), South Dakota State Senate, District 9.
    25. Edna Brown (D), Ohio State Senate, District 11.
    26. Edward Buttrey (R), Montana State Senate, District 11.
    27. Edward Hernandez (D), California State Senate, District 22.
    28. Frank LaRose (R), Ohio State Senate, District 27.
    29. Frederick "Eric" Moore (R), Montana State Senate, District 19.
    30. Gail Griffin (R), Arizona State Senate, District 14.
    31. Garrett Mason (R), Maine State Senate, District 22.
    32. Gayle L. Manning (R), Ohio State Senate, District 13.
    33. Goeff Hansen (R), Michigan State Senate, District 34.
    34. Hoon-Yung Hopgood (D), Michigan State Senate, District 6.
    35. Irene Aguilar (D), Colorado State Senate, District 32.
    36. Jack Brandenburg (R), Michigan State Senate, District 8.
    37. Jack Latvala (R), Florida State Senate, District 16.
    38. James Marleau (R), Michigan State Senate, District 12.
    39. Jason Frerichs (D), South Dakota State Senate, District 1.
    40. Jay Wasson (R), Missouri State Senate, District 20.
    41. Jean Fuller (R), California State Senate, District 16.
    42. Jim Smith (R), Nebraska State Senate, District 14.
    43. Joe Hune (R), Michigan State Senate, District 22.
    44. Joel Anderson (R), California State Senate, District 38.
    45. John Proos (R), Michigan State Senate, District 21.
    46. John Sparks (D), Oklahoma State Senate District 16.
    47. Joseph Schiavoni (D), Ohio State Senate, District 33.
    48. Judy Burges (R), Arizona State Senate, District 22.
    49. Judy Emmons (R), Michigan State Senate District 33.
    50. Kent Lambert (R), Colorado State Senate, District 9.
    51. Kevin Bacon (R), Ohio State Senate, District 3.
    52. Kevin J. Grantham (R), Colorado State Senate, District 2.
    53. Kevin Lundberg (R), Colorado State Senate, District 15.
    54. Kevin de León (D), California State Senate, District 24.
    55. Kris Jordan (R), Ohio State Senate, District 19.
    56. Larry Tidemann (R), South Dakota State Senate, District 7.
    57. Llew Jones (R), Montana State Senate, District 9.
    58. Lucia Guzman (D), Colorado State Senate, District 34.
    59. Lydia Brasch (R), Nebraska State Senate, District 16.
    60. Maria Chappelle-Nadal (D), Missouri State Senate, District 14.
    61. Mary Caferro (D), Montana State Senate, District 41.
    62. Michael Skindell (D), Ohio State Senate, District 23.
    63. Michael Thibodeau (R), Maine State Senate, District 11.
    64. Mike Green (R), Michigan State Senate, District 31.
    65. Mike Kehoe (R), Missouri State Senate, District 6.
    66. Mike Kowall (R), Michigan State Senate, District 15.
    67. Mike Nofs (R), Michigan State Senate, District 19.
    68. Mike Schulz (R), Oklahoma State Senate District 38.
    69. Morris Hood (D), Michigan State Senate, District 3.
    70. Nancy K. Barto (R), Arizona State Senate, District 15.
    71. Olivia Cajero Bedford (D), Arizona State Senate, District 3.
    72. Patrick Colbeck (R), Michigan State Senate, District 7.
    73. Paul Schumacher (R), Nebraska State Senate, District 22.
    74. Phil Pavlov (R), Michigan State Senate, District 25.
    75. Randy Bass (D), Oklahoma State Senate District 32.
    76. Rebekah Warren (D), Michigan State Senate, District 18.
    77. Rene Garcia (R), Florida State Senate, District 36.
    78. Rick Jones (R), Michigan State Senate, District 24.
    79. Robert Meza (D), Arizona State Senate, District 30.
    80. Robert Schaaf (R), Missouri State Senate, District 34.
    81. Rodney Whittemore (R), Maine State Senate, District 3.
    82. Roger Katz (R), Maine State Senate, District 15.
    83. Ronald Collins (R), Maine State Senate, District 34.
    84. Ronald Richard (R), Missouri State Senate, District 32.
    85. Scott Oelslager (R), Ohio State Senate, District 29.
    86. Steven B. Yarbrough (R), Arizona State Senate, District 17.
    87. Steven Bieda (D), Michigan State Senate, District 9.
    88. Thomas Saviello (R), Maine State Senate, District 17.
    89. Tom Berryhill (R), California State Senate District 8.
    90. Tom Casperson (R), Michigan State Senate, District 38.
    91. Tom Facey (D), Montana State Senate, District 50.
    92. Tonya Schuitmaker (R), Michigan State Senate, District 26.
    93. Tory Rocca (R), Michigan State Senate, District 10.
    94. Tyson Larson (R), Nebraska State Senate, District 40.
    95. Vincent Gregory (D), Michigan State Senate, District 11.
    96. Will Kraus (R), Missouri State Senate, District 8.

    State representatives

    See also: Impact of term limits on state representative elections in 2018

    There were 45 state houses that held general elections in November 2018. In 13 of these states, state house terms were subject to term limits. There are 15 states with state legislative term limits, but Louisiana did not hold a state house election in 2018 and Nebraska does not have a state house.

    A total of 175 state representatives were ineligible to run for re-election in 2018 because of term limit laws in their state. This represented 15 percent of the 1,161 seats up for election in the 12 term-limited state houses with elections in November 2018. The Arkansas House was up for election in 2018 and has term limits, but no Arkansas representatives were impacted by term limits in 2018. This included:

    • 58 incumbent Democratic state representatives
    • 115 incumbent Republican state representatives
    • 2 incumbent independent state representatives

    Some of the 175 state representatives listed below may have resigned before their term ended. These officials were still counted in the total number of term-limited state representatives in 2018.

    1. Adam Zemke (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 55.
    2. Al Landis (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 98.
    3. Alicia Reece (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 33.
    4. Andrew Brenner (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 67.
    5. Andrew Thompson (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 95.
    6. Andy Schor (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 68.
    7. Anna Caballero (D), California State Assembly, District 30.
    8. Anne Gonzales (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 19.
    9. Austin Knudsen (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 34.
    10. Bart Korman (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 42.
    11. Ben Albritton (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 56.
    12. Ben Harris (D), Missouri House of Representatives, District 118.
    13. Beth Turner (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 141.
    14. Bettie Cook Scott (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 2.
    15. Bill Hager (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 89.
    16. Bill Harris (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 37.
    17. Bill Lant (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 159.
    18. Bill Patmon (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 10.
    19. Bill Reiboldt (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 160.
    20. Bill White (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 161.
    21. Brenda Barton (R), Arizona House of Representatives, District 6.
    22. Brian Renegar (D), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 17.
    23. Bryce Bennett (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 91.
    24. Burt Tulson (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 2.
    25. Carlos Trujillo (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 105.
    26. Charlie Davis (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 162.
    27. Chuck Hoskin (D), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 6.
    28. Clay Ingram (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 1.
    29. Clem Smith (D), Missouri House of Representatives, District 85.
    30. Cliff Rosenberger (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 91.
    31. Craig Redmon (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 4.
    32. Crisanta Duran (D), Colorado House of Representatives, District 5.
    33. Cynthia Stafford (D), Florida House of Representatives, District 109.
    34. Dan Lauwers (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 81.
    35. Dan Pabon (D), Colorado House of Representatives, District 4.
    36. Dan Ramos (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 56.
    37. Dave Pagel (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 78.
    38. Dave Young (D), Colorado House of Representatives, District 50.
    39. Deborah Sanderson (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 88.
    40. Delus Johnson (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 9.
    41. Denise Harlow (I), Maine House of Representatives, District 36.
    42. Diane Franklin (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 123.
    43. Don Phillips (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 138.
    44. Donna Lichtenegger (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 146.
    45. Earl Sears (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 11.
    46. Ed Cannaday (D), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 15.
    47. Eddie Farnsworth (R), Arizona House of Representatives, District 12.
    48. Edward Greef (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 88.
    49. Eleanor Espling (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 65.
    50. Elizabeth Porter (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 10.
    51. Ellie Hill Smith (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 90.
    52. Eric Proctor (D), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 77.
    53. Erin Herbig (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 97.
    54. Gail Beatty (D), Missouri House of Representatives, District 26.
    55. Galen Higdon (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 11.
    56. Gary Cross (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 35.
    57. Gayle Harrell (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 83.
    58. George Moraitis (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 93.
    59. Heather Carter (R), Arizona House of Representatives, District 15.
    60. Heather Sirocki (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 28.
    61. Henry Yanez (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 25.
    62. Holly Hughes (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 91.
    63. Ira Anders (D), Missouri House of Representatives, District 21.
    64. J.D. Mesnard (R), Arizona House of Representatives, District 17.
    65. James Gillway (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 98.
    66. James Ohrenschall (D), Nevada State Assembly, District 12.
    67. James Schaefer (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 26B.
    68. Janet Cruz (D), Florida House of Representatives, District 62.
    69. Jason Barnes (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 60.
    70. Jason Brodeur (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 28.
    71. Jason Murphey (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 31.
    72. Jay Houghton (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 43.
    73. Jean Price (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 24.
    74. Jeanette Nuñez (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 119.
    75. Jeanie Lauer (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 32.
    76. Jeffrey Timberlake (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 75.
    77. Jim Boyd (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 71.
    78. John E. Barnes Jr. (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 12.
    79. John Enns (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 41.
    80. John McCaherty (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 97.
    81. Jose Felix Diaz (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 116.
    82. Joseph Graves (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 51.
    83. Karla May (D), Missouri House of Representatives, District 84.
    84. Kathie Conway (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 104.
    85. Kathleen Clyde (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 75.
    86. Kathy Swanson (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 77.
    87. Keith Frederick (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 121.
    1 88. Kelly Flynn (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 70.
    89. Kenneth Fredette (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 100.
    90. Kevin Calvey (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 82.
    91. Kevin Engler (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 116.
    92. Kimberly Monaghan (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 30.
    93. Kirk Schuring (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 48.
    94. Klint Kesto (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 39.
    95. Kristin Conzet (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 32.
    96. Kristina Daley Roegner (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 37.
    97. Kurt Bahr (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 102.
    98. Larry Ahern (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 66.
    99. Larry Metz (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 32.
    100. Lela Alston (D), Arizona House of Representatives, District 24.
    101. Lindell Shumake (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 5.
    102. Lori Berman (D), Florida House of Representatives, District 90.
    103. Louis Luchini (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 132.
    104. Lyle Rowland (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 155.
    105. Lyndall Fraker (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 137.
    106. Macario Saldate (D), Arizona House of Representatives, District 3.
    107. Marlene Anielski (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 6.
    108. Marsha Haefner (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 95.
    109. Martin Howrylak (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 41.
    110. Mary Nichols (D), Missouri House of Representatives, District 72.
    111. Matt Caldwell (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 79.
    112. Michael Ashford (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 44.
    113. Michael Bileca (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 115.
    114. Michael Henne (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 40.
    115. Michael McCready (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 40.
    116. Michelle Ugenti-Rita (R), Arizona House of Representatives District 23.
    117. Mike Bernskoetter (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 59.
    118. Mike Cierpiot (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 30.
    119. Mike Cuffe (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 2.
    120. Mike Duffey (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 21.
    121. Mike Kelley (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 127.
    122. Millie Hamner (D), Colorado House of Representatives, District 61.
    123. Nick Marshall (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 13.
    124. Nickie Antonio (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 13.
    125. Pam Faris (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 48.
    126. Pat Conway (D), Missouri House of Representatives, District 10.
    127. Paul Curtman (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 109.
    128. Paul Fitzwater (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 144.
    129. Pete Lee (D), Colorado House of Representatives, District 18.
    130. Phil Phelps (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 49.
    131. Ralph Chapman (I), Maine House of Representatives, District 133.
    132. Randy Brodehl (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 9.
    133. Randy McDaniel (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 83.
    134. Raymond Wallace (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 104.
    135. Richard Corcoran (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 37.
    136. Richard Malaby (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 136.
    137. Rick Brattin (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 55.
    138. Rob Cook (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 18.
    139. Rob VerHeulen (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 74.
    140. Robert Kosowski (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 16.
    141. Roger Victory (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 88.
    142. Ron Ehli (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 86.
    143. Ron Young (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 61.
    144. Rose Mary Robinson (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 4.
    145. Russell Black (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 114.
    146. Sally Ann Gonzales (D), Arizona House of Representatives, District 3.
    147. Sam Singh (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 69.
    148. Sandy Crawford (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 129.
    149. Scott Dianda (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 110.
    150. Scott Inman (D), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 94.
    151. Spencer Hawley (D), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 7.
    152. Stacey Guerin (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 102.
    153. Stacey Newman (D), Missouri House of Representatives, District 87.
    154. Stephen Wood (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 57.
    155. Steve Cookson (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 153.
    156. Steve Lavin (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 8.
    157. T.J. Berry (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 38.
    158. Teresa Fedor (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 45.
    159. Terry Johnson (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 90.
    160. Thomas Longstaff (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 109.
    161. Tim Greimel (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 29.
    162. Tim Kelly (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 94.
    163. Todd Richardson (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 152.
    164. Todd Thomsen (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 25.
    165. Tom Cochran (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 67.
    166. Tom Goodson (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 51.
    167. Tom Leonard (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 93.
    168. Tom Winsor (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 71.
    169. Tona Rozum (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 20.
    170. Virginia Court (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 50.
    171. Walter Kumiega (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 134.
    172. Wanda Brown (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 57.
    173. Wayne Parry (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 10.
    174. Weldon Watson (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 79.
    175. Winnie Brinks (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 76.

    Year-to-year comparisons

    Overview

    The table below displays the term-limited state legislators by year from 2010 to 2018. A total of 1,414 state legislators were term-limited from 2010 to 2018. During that same period of time, Republicans had 129 state legislators more than Democrats ineligible to run for office because of term limits.

    • Democratic legislators term-limited: 618
    • Republican legislators term-limited: 747
    • Nonpartisan legislators term-limited: 49
    Term-limited state legislators by year
    Year Democratic Party Dem. senators Republican Party Rep. senators Independent Nonpartisan sentators Democratic Party Dem. representatives Republican Party Rep. representatives Independent Nonpartisan representatives Total term-limited
    2018 28 62 6 58 115 2 271
    2017 - - - - - - -
    2016 29 26 12 84 102 0 253
    2015 3 4 0 7 7 0 21
    2014 22 24 17 73 87 0 223
    2013 - - - - - - -
    2012 35 40 8 87 85 0 255
    2011 5 1 0 5 4 1 16
    2010 54 66 1 128 124 2 375
    Total 176 223 44 442 524 5 1,414

    2018

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2018

    In 2018, 271 state legislators were termed out in state senates and state houses combined. A total of 96 state senators were term-limited in 2018. A total of 175 state representatives were termed out in 2018.

    As a result of term limits in the 2018 state legislative elections, more Republican legislators were ineligible to run than Democratic legislators.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2018 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2018 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 28 58 86
    Republican 62 115 177
    Minor Party/
    Nonpartisan     		6[9] 2 8
    Total 96 175 271


    Chambers

    The following table detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2018.

    2018 chambers with the most losses
    Party Senates with most losses Houses with most losses Total
    Democratic 1 4 5
    Republican 8 8 16
    Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) 5 1 6
    Total 14 13 27

    Post-election results

    Thirty-five of the 271 term-limited seats (12.9%) changed partisan control in the 2018 elections. Democrats had a net gain of 15 seats and Republicans had a net loss of 13 seats. Ten seats switched from Democrat to Republican, 23 seats flipped from Republican to Democrat, and two seats changed from independent to Democrat.[10]

    Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2018 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Party. The Nebraska senators were counted as major party incumbents in the post-election results.

    2018 post-election results
    Party Pre-election Post-election
    Democratic 87 102
    Republican 182 169
    Minor Party/Nonpartisan 2[11] 0


    Post-election partisan change of term-limited seats
    Name Party Office District 2018 election winner Party
    Joseph Schiavoni Democratic Ohio State Senate District 33 Michael Rulli Republican
    Randy Bass Democratic Oklahoma State Senate District 32 John Montgomery Republican
    Billie Sutton Democratic South Dakota State Senate District 21 Rocky Blare Republican
    Anthony Cannella Republican California State Senate District 12 Anna Caballero Democratic
    Brian Langley Republican Maine State Senate District 7 Louis Luchini Democratic
    Michael Thibodeau Republican Maine State Senate District 11 Erin Herbig Democratic
    Dave Hildenbrand Republican Michigan State Senate District 29 Winnie Brinks Democratic
    James Marleau Republican Michigan State Senate District 12 Rosemary Bayer Democratic
    Patrick Colbeck Republican Michigan State Senate District 7 Dayna Polehanki Democratic
    Edward Buttrey Republican Montana State Senate District 11 Tom Jacobson Democratic
    Bob Krist Republican Nebraska State Senate District 10 Wendy DeBoer Democratic
    Kevin Bacon Republican Ohio State Senate District 3 Tina Maharath Democratic
    J.D. Mesnard Republican Arizona House of Representatives District 17 Jennifer Pawlik Democratic
    Wayne Parry Republican Maine House of Representatives District 10 Henry Ingwersen Democratic
    Ralph Chapman Independent Maine House of Representatives District 133 Sarah Pebworth Democratic
    Heather Sirocki Republican Maine House of Representatives District 28 Christopher Caiazzo Democratic
    Denise Harlow Independent Maine House of Representatives District 36 Michael Brennan Democratic
    Deborah Sanderson Republican Maine House of Representatives District 88 Chloe Maxmin Democratic
    James Gillway Republican Maine House of Representatives District 98 Scott Cuddy Democratic
    Michael McCready Republican Michigan House of Representatives District 40 Mari Manoogian Democratic
    Martin Howrylak Republican Michigan House of Representatives District 41 Padma Kuppa Democratic
    Gary Cross Republican Missouri House of Representatives District 35 Keri Ingle Democratic
    Anne Gonzales Republican Ohio House of Representatives District 19 Mary Lightbody Democratic
    Mike Duffey Republican Ohio House of Representatives District 21 Beth Liston Democratic
    Kristina Daley Roegner Republican Ohio House of Representatives District 37 Casey Weinstein Democratic
    Marlene Anielski Republican Ohio House of Representatives District 6 Phil Robinson Democratic
    Weldon Watson Republican Oklahoma House of Representatives District 79 Melissa Provenzano Democratic
    Randy McDaniel Republican Oklahoma House of Representatives District 83 Chelsey Branham Democratic
    Scott Dianda Democratic Michigan House of Representatives District 110 Gregory Markkanen Republican
    Pat Conway Democratic Missouri House of Representatives District 10 Bill Falkner Republican
    Ben Harris Democratic Missouri House of Representatives District 118 Mike McGirl Republican
    Ed Cannaday Democratic Oklahoma House of Representatives District 15 Randy Randleman Republican
    Brian Renegar Democratic Oklahoma House of Representatives District 17 Jim Grego Republican
    Spencer Hawley Democratic South Dakota House of Representatives District 7 Doug Post Republican
    Chuck Hoskin Democratic Oklahoma House of Representatives District 6 Rusty Cornwell Republican

    2017

    No states with term limits held elections in 2017.


    2016

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2016

    In 2016, 253 state legislators were termed out in state senates and state houses combined. A total of 67 state senators were termed out in 2016. This represented 20.2 percent of the 331 total state senate seats up for election in the 13 term-limited state senates with elections in November 2016. A total of 186 state representatives were termed out. This represented 14.8 percent of the 1,261 total seats up for election in the 13 term-limited state houses with elections in November 2016.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2016 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2016 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 29 84 113
    Republican 26 102 128
    Nonpartisan 12 0 12
    Total 67 186 253

    Chambers

    The following table detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2016.

    2016 chambers with the most losses
    Party Senates with most losses Houses with most losses Total
    Democratic 5 4 9
    Republican 5 8 13
    Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) 3 1 4
    Total 13 13 26

    2015

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2015

    In 2015, 21 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the only state holding elections for a term-limited legislature in 2015.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2015 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2015 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 3 7 10
    Republican 4 7 11
    Total 7 14 21

    2014

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2014

    In 2014, a total of 223 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. This was 14 percent of the 1,592 state legislative seats up for election in the 14 term-limited states with 2014 elections, and 3.7 percent of the 6,047 state legislative seats that were up for election altogether in 2014, including the non-term-limited states.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2014 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2014 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 22 73 95
    Republican 24 87 111
    Nonpartisan 17 0 17
    Total 63 160 223

    Chambers

    The following table detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2014.

    2014 chambers with the most losses
    Party Senates with most losses Houses with most losses Total
    Democratic 6 4 10
    Republican 5 9 14
    Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) 2 0 2
    Total 13 13 26


    2013

    No states with term limits held elections in 2013.

    2012

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2012

    In 2012, 255 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. This was 14.3 percent of the 1,786 state legislative seats up for election in the 14 term-limited states with 2012 elections, and about 4 percent of the 6,015 state legislative seats that were up for election altogether in 2012, including the non-term-limited states.

    In 2012, the last election cycle in which the same seats were up for election as 2016, Republicans had a marginal disadvantage in terms of the number incumbents lost to term limits as well as the number of chambers in which each party saw more members lost to term limits. However, Democrats lost one more state representative than Republicans did during this cycle.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2012 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2012 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 35 87 122
    Republican 40 85 125
    Nonpartisan 8 0 8
    Total 83 172 255

    Chambers

    The following table detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2012.

    2012 chambers with the most losses
    Party Senates with most losses Houses with most losses Total
    Democratic 4 6 10
    Republican 5 7 12
    Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) 4 0 4
    Total 13 13 26

    2011

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2011

    In 2011, 16 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the only state with term limits that held an election in 2011. The 16 state legislators termed-out in 2011 made up 10.4 percent of the total legislative seats up for election in Louisiana.

    There were six state senators termed-out in 2011, making up 15.4 percent of the 39 state senate seats up for election in 2011. There were ten state representatives termed-out in 2011, making up 9.5 percent of the 105 state representative seats up for election in 2011.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2011 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2011 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 5 5 10
    Republican 1 4 5
    Minor Party/
    Nonpartisan     		0 1 1
    Total 6 10 16

    2010

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2010

    In 2010, 375 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. This was 23 percent of the 1,600 state legislative seats up for election in the 14 term-limited states with 2010 elections.

    The Republican Party had more members impacted by term limits in the 2010 state legislative elections than the Democratic Party, both in terms of how many individual incumbent legislators the Republican Party lost (190, versus 182 for the Democratic Party) and in terms of how many state legislative chambers lost more Republicans (13, versus 10 for the Democratic Party).

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2010 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2010 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 54 128 182
    Republican 66 124 190
    Nonpartisan 1 2 3
    Total 121 254 375

    Chambers

    The following table detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2010.

    2010 chambers with the most losses
    Party Senates with most losses Houses with most losses Total
    Democratic 4 6 10
    Republican 7 6 13
    Equal D/R losses 2 1 3
    Total 13 13 26

    See also

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate were up for election in 2018 and have term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018.
    2. ↑ The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate are impacted by term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018. In the three chambers, a total of 129 seats were up for election in 2018. No legislators were unable to run in 2018 in those three chamber because of term limits.
    3. ↑ Ballotpedia confirmed through phone calls that at least seven California legislators were term-limited in 2018. The number of California legislators term-limited and the overall number of term-limited state legislators had a chance to change if Ballotpedia could confirm that more members were term-limited in 2018.
    4. ↑ Some of the 271 term-limited state legislators in 2018 may resign before their term ends. These legislators were still counted in the total number of term-limited legislators in 2018.
    5. ↑ The Nevada Senate and Arkansas Senate were up for election in 2018 and have term limits, but no senators were impacted by term limits in 2018.
    6. ↑ The Nebraska Senate is officially nonpartisan, but is held by the Republican Party. Five Republicans and one Democrat were term-limited in 2018. For more information on how Ballotpedia determined the partisan affiliation for Nebraska senators, please click here.
    7. ↑ The Arkansas House was up for election in 2018 and has term limits, but no Arkansas representatives were impacted by term limits in 2018.
    8. ↑ Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2018 were affliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affliated with the Democratic Party.
    9. ↑ Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2018 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Party.
    10. ↑ Google Spreadsheet, "Post-election term limits results, 2018," accessed April 25, 2019
    11. ↑ Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2018 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Party. The Nebraska senators were counted as major party incumbents in the post-election results.
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