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Open seats in state legislative elections, 2020

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Last updated on November 18, 2024
2020 State Legislative Competitiveness
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There were 5,875 state legislative seats up for election on November 3, 2020, in 44 states. Of that total, there were 876 open seats, guaranteeing at least 15% of all seats would be won by newcomers. This was the lowest number and percentage of open seats since Ballotpedia began gathering data in 2010.

An open seat is one where no incumbent filed to run, meaning it is guaranteed to be won by a newcomer. Learn more about the terms and methodologies used in this analysis.

Ballotpedia uses the number and percentage of open seats to help determine the overall competitiveness of an election cycle. A greater number of open seats guarantees more newcomers entering legislatures and typically results in more candidates running for office. A smaller number of open seats guarantees fewer newcomers and typically results in fewer candidates running for office.

In 2020:

  • There were 388 open Democratic seats, those most recently held by Democrats at the time of filing.
  • There were 482 open Republican seats, those most recently held by Republicans at the time of filing.
  • There were six other open seats. This includes those most recently held by minor party or independent officeholders at the time of filing.
  • The total number of open seats—876—was the lowest since Ballotpedia began gathering data in 2010, representing a 27% decrease from 2018.


  • Open state legislative seats, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 4,710 306 367 5 678 14.4%
    Senate 1,165 82 115 1 198 17.0%
    Total 5,875 388 482 6 876 14.9%


    Click [show] on the table below to view open seat statistics by state in 2020. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Historical comparison

    The chart below shows a breakdown of open seats from 2010 to 2020. The "Other" value includes seats left open by minor party and independent officeholders.


    Click [show] on the table below to view overall open seat statistics by state from 2010 to 2020. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    By state

    Overview

    Alaska

    There were 50 seats up for election in Alaska. Of that total, three seats (6.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Alaska, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 40 1 2 0 3 7.5%
    Senate 10 0 0 0 0 0.0%
    Total 50 1 2 0 3 6.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Alaska, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 50 1 4 0 5 10.0%
    2012 59 4 6 1 11 18.6%
    2014 54 3 5 0 8 14.8%
    2016 50 1 8 0 9 18.0%
    2018 50 7 6 0 13 26.0%
    2020 50 1 2 0 3 6.0%


    See also:

    Arizona

    There were 90 seats up for election in Arizona. Of that total, 17 seats (18.9%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Arizona, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 60 3 9 0 12 20.0%
    Senate 30 2 3 0 5 16.7%
    Total 90 5 12 0 17 18.9%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Arizona, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 90 17 22 0 39 43.3%
    2012 90 5 26 1 32 35.6%
    2014 90 10 14 0 24 26.7%
    2016 90 10 16 0 26 28.9%
    2018 90 14 19 0 33 36.7%
    2020 90 5 12 0 17 18.9%


    See also:

    Arkansas

    There were 117 seats up for election in Arkansas. Of that total, 10 seats (8.5%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Arkansas, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 100 0 9 0 9 9.0%
    Senate 17 1 0 0 1 5.9%
    Total 117 1 9 0 10 8.5%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Arkansas, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 117 44 9 0 53 45.3%
    2012 135 32 15 0 47 34.8%
    2014 118 12 19 0 31 26.3%
    2016 117 5 9 1 15 12.8%
    2018 118 7 16 0 23 19.5%
    2020 117 1 9 0 10 8.5%


    See also:

    California

    There were 100 seats up for election in California. Of that total, 14 seats (14.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in California, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 80 6 2 0 8 10.0%
    Senate 20 5 1 0 6 30.0%
    Total 100 11 3 0 14 14.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in California, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 100 20 17 1 38 38.0%
    2012 100 27 17 0 44 44.0%
    2014 100 22 11 0 33 33.0%
    2016 100 16 10 0 26 26.0%
    2018 100 7 7 0 14 14.0%
    2020 100 11 3 0 14 14.0%


    See also:

    Colorado

    There were 83 seats up for election in Colorado. Of that total, 20 seats (24.1%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Colorado, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 65 7 6 0 13 20.0%
    Senate 18 3 4 0 7 38.9%
    Total 83 10 10 0 20 24.1%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Colorado, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 84 11 9 0 20 23.8%
    2012 85 15 18 0 33 38.8%
    2014 82 8 15 0 23 28.0%
    2016 83 18 6 0 24 28.9%
    2018 82 15 9 1 25 30.5%
    2020 83 10 10 0 20 24.1%


    See also:

    Connecticut

    There were 187 seats up for election in Connecticut. Of that total, 17 seats (9.1%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Connecticut, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 151 7 9 0 16 10.6%
    Senate 36 0 1 0 1 2.8%
    Total 187 7 10 0 17 9.1%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Connecticut, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 187 13 6 0 19 10.2%
    2012 187 17 7 0 24 12.8%
    2014 187 14 10 0 24 12.8%
    2016 187 12 11 0 23 12.3%
    2018 187 13 11 0 24 12.8%
    2020 187 7 10 0 17 9.1%


    See also:

    Delaware

    There were 52 seats up for election in Delaware. Of that total, two seats (3.8%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Delaware, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 41 1 0 0 1 2.4%
    Senate 11 1 0 0 1 9.1%
    Total 52 2 0 0 2 3.8%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Delaware, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 52 0 4 0 4 7.7%
    2012 62 5 5 0 10 16.1%
    2014 51 2 0 0 2 3.9%
    2016 52 1 1 0 2 3.8%
    2018 51 9 5 0 14 27.5%
    2020 52 2 0 0 2 3.8%


    See also:

    Florida

    There were 140 seats up for election in Florida. Of that total, 40 seats (28.6%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Florida, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 120 16 16 0 32 26.7%
    Senate 20 3 5 0 8 40.0%
    Total 140 19 21 0 40 28.6%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Florida, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 143 13 33 0 46 32.2%
    2012 160 16 37 0 53 33.1%
    2014 140 6 12 0 18 12.9%
    2016 160 24 38 0 62 38.8%
    2018 140 9 29 0 38 27.1%
    2020 140 19 21 0 40 28.6%


    See also:

    Georgia

    There were 236 seats up for election in Georgia. Of that total, 26 seats (11.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Georgia, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 180 5 12 0 17 9.4%
    Senate 56 2 7 0 9 16.1%
    Total 236 7 19 0 26 11.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Georgia, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 236 9 29 0 38 16.1%
    2012 236 10 18 0 28 11.9%
    2014 236 4 13 0 17 7.2%
    2016 236 7 13 1 21 8.9%
    2018 236 1 19 0 20 8.5%
    2020 236 7 19 0 26 11.0%


    See also:

    Hawaii

    There were 64 seats up for election in Hawaii. Of that total, eight seats (12.5%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Hawaii, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 51 5 1 0 6 11.8%
    Senate 13 2 0 0 2 15.4%
    Total 64 7 1 0 8 12.5%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Hawaii, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 66 6 2 0 8 12.1%
    2012 76 7 1 0 8 10.5%
    2014 63 4 1 0 5 7.9%
    2016 64 3 0 0 3 4.7%
    2018 63 8 1 0 9 14.3%
    2020 64 7 1 0 8 12.5%


    See also:

    Idaho

    There were 105 seats up for election in Idaho. Of that total, 18 seats (17.1%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Idaho, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 70 3 9 0 12 17.1%
    Senate 35 2 4 0 6 17.1%
    Total 105 5 13 0 18 17.1%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Idaho, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 105 6 3 0 9 8.6%
    2012 105 9 27 0 36 34.3%
    2014 105 5 6 0 11 10.5%
    2016 105 4 5 0 9 8.6%
    2018 105 3 13 0 16 15.2%
    2020 105 5 13 0 18 17.1%


    See also:

    Illinois

    There were 138 seats up for election in Illinois. Of that total, 15 seats (10.9%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Illinois, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 118 3 6 0 9 7.6%
    Senate 20 2 4 0 6 30.0%
    Total 138 5 10 0 15 10.9%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Illinois, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 139 8 4 0 12 8.6%
    2012 177 17 17 0 34 19.2%
    2014 137 1 11 0 12 8.8%
    2016 158 7 7 0 14 8.9%
    2018 157 11 17 0 28 17.8%
    2020 138 5 10 0 15 10.9%


    See also:

    Indiana

    There were 125 seats up for election in Indiana. Of that total, 10 seats (8.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Indiana, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 100 4 4 0 8 8.0%
    Senate 25 1 1 0 2 8.0%
    Total 125 5 5 0 10 8.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Indiana, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 125 6 6 0 12 9.6%
    2012 125 12 11 0 23 18.4%
    2014 125 1 7 0 8 6.4%
    2016 125 6 11 0 17 13.6%
    2018 125 5 9 0 14 11.2%
    2020 125 5 5 0 10 8.0%


    See also:

    Iowa

    There were 125 seats up for election in Iowa. Of that total, 17 seats (13.6%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Iowa, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 100 2 8 0 10 10.0%
    Senate 25 0 7 0 7 28.0%
    Total 125 2 15 0 17 13.6%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Iowa, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 125 10 7 0 17 13.6%
    2012 126 10 20 0 30 23.8%
    2014 125 6 9 0 15 12.0%
    2016 125 5 8 0 13 10.4%
    2018 125 7 14 1 22 17.6%
    2020 125 2 15 0 17 13.6%


    See also:

    Kansas

    There were 165 seats up for election in Kansas. Of that total, 23 seats (13.9%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Kansas, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 125 7 12 0 19 15.2%
    Senate 40 2 2 0 4 10.0%
    Total 165 9 14 0 23 13.9%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Kansas, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 125 4 6 0 10 8.0%
    2012 165 8 44 0 52 31.5%
    2014 125 3 10 0 13 10.4%
    2016 165 2 31 0 33 20.0%
    2018 125 0 13 0 13 10.4%
    2020 165 9 14 0 23 13.9%


    See also:

    Kentucky

    There were 119 seats up for election in Kentucky. Of that total, 17 seats (14.3%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Kentucky, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 100 8 6 0 14 14.0%
    Senate 19 2 1 0 3 15.8%
    Total 119 10 7 0 17 14.3%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Kentucky, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 119 4 3 0 7 5.9%
    2012 119 5 8 0 13 10.9%
    2014 119 3 7 1 11 9.2%
    2016 119 4 6 0 10 8.4%
    2018 119 11 10 0 21 17.6%
    2020 119 10 7 0 17 14.3%


    See also:

    Maine

    There were 186 seats up for election in Maine. Of that total, 38 seats (20.4%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Maine, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 151 23 7 1 31 20.5%
    Senate 35 5 2 0 7 20.0%
    Total 186 28 9 1 38 20.4%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Maine, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 186 21 21 1 43 23.1%
    2012 186 33 30 0 63 33.9%
    2014 186 27 22 2 51 27.4%
    2016 186 24 9 4 37 19.9%
    2018 186 16 36 4 56 30.1%
    2020 186 28 9 1 38 20.4%


    See also:

    Massachusetts

    There were 200 seats up for election in Massachusetts. Of that total, 15 seats (7.5%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Massachusetts, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 160 13 2 0 15 9.4%
    Senate 40 0 0 0 0 0.0%
    Total 200 13 2 0 15 7.5%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Massachusetts, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 200 28 6 0 34 17.0%
    2012 200 9 1 0 10 5.0%
    2014 200 19 3 0 22 11.0%
    2016 200 13 0 0 13 6.5%
    2018 200 20 4 0 24 12.0%
    2020 200 13 2 0 15 7.5%


    See also:

    Michigan

    There were 110 seats up for election in Michigan. Of that total, 26 seats (23.6%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Michigan, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 110 13 13 0 26 23.6%
    Senate Did not hold elections
    Total 110 13 13 0 26 23.6%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Michigan, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 148 43 37 0 80 54.1%
    2012 110 13 9 0 22 20.0%
    2014 148 21 29 1 51 34.5%
    2016 110 15 27 0 42 38.2%
    2018 148 26 44 0 70 47.3%
    2020 110 13 13 0 26 23.6%


    See also:

    Minnesota

    There were 201 seats up for election in Minnesota. Of that total, 19 seats (9.5%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Minnesota, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 134 9 6 0 15 11.2%
    Senate 67 2 2 0 4 6.0%
    Total 201 11 8 0 19 9.5%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Minnesota, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 201 12 12 0 24 11.9%
    2012 201 18 33 0 51 25.4%
    2014 134 5 10 0 15 11.2%
    2016 201 18 10 0 28 13.9%
    2018 134 16 7 0 23 17.2%
    2020 201 11 8 0 19 9.5%


    See also:

    Missouri

    There were 180 seats up for election in Missouri. Of that total, 57 seats (31.7%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Missouri, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 163 14 32 0 46 28.2%
    Senate 17 5 6 0 11 64.7%
    Total 180 19 38 0 57 31.7%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Missouri, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 180 26 49 0 75 41.7%
    2012 180 21 40 0 61 33.9%
    2014 180 10 23 0 33 18.3%
    2016 180 16 22 0 38 21.1%
    2018 180 16 47 0 63 35.0%
    2020 180 19 38 0 57 31.7%


    See also:

    Montana

    There were 125 seats up for election in Montana. Of that total, 41 seats (32.8%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Montana, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 100 14 15 0 29 29.0%
    Senate 25 6 6 0 12 48.0%
    Total 125 20 21 0 41 32.8%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Montana, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 126 25 26 0 51 40.5%
    2012 126 19 25 0 44 34.9%
    2014 125 19 26 0 45 36.0%
    2016 125 17 30 0 47 37.6%
    2018 125 16 20 0 36 28.8%
    2020 125 20 21 0 41 32.8%


    See also:

    Nebraska

    There were 25 seats up for election in Nebraska. Of that total, six seats (24.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Nebraska, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House N/A
    Senate 25 4 1 1 6 24.0%
    Total 25 4 1 1 6 24.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Nebraska, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 24 1 1 1 3 12.5%
    2012 25 1 8 0 9 36.0%
    2014 24 8 8 1 17 70.8%
    2016 25 4 7 0 11 44.0%
    2018 24 2 6 0 8 33.3%
    2020 25 4 1 1 6 24.0%


    See also:

    Nevada

    There were 52 seats up for election in Nevada. Of that total, 13 seats (25.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Nevada, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 42 8 2 0 10 23.8%
    Senate 10 3 0 0 3 30.0%
    Total 52 11 2 0 13 25.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Nevada, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 53 16 11 0 27 50.9%
    2012 52 8 8 0 16 30.8%
    2014 53 6 4 0 10 18.9%
    2016 52 2 9 0 11 21.2%
    2018 53 7 7 1 15 28.3%
    2020 52 11 2 0 13 25.0%


    See also:

    New Hampshire

    There were 424 seats up for election in New Hampshire. Of that total, 81 seats (19.1%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in New Hampshire, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 400 34 44 0 78 19.5%
    Senate 24 3 0 0 3 12.5%
    Total 424 37 44 0 81 19.1%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in New Hampshire, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 424 61 41 0 102 24.1%
    2012 424 15 48 62 125 29.5%
    2014 424 62 51 0 113 26.7%
    2016 424 46 72 0 118 27.8%
    2018 424 39 65 1 105 24.8%
    2020 424 37 44 0 81 19.1%


    See also:

    New Mexico

    There were 112 seats up for election in New Mexico. Of that total, 11 seats (9.8%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in New Mexico, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 70 6 3 0 9 12.9%
    Senate 42 1 1 0 2 4.8%
    Total 112 7 4 0 11 9.8%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in New Mexico, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 70 1 2 0 3 4.3%
    2012 112 14 8 0 22 19.6%
    2014 70 6 5 0 11 15.7%
    2016 112 5 5 0 10 8.9%
    2018 70 3 6 0 9 12.9%
    2020 112 7 4 0 11 9.8%


    See also:

    New York

    There were 213 seats up for election in New York. Of that total, 33 seats (15.5%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in New York, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 150 11 10 0 21 14.0%
    Senate 63 2 10 0 12 19.0%
    Total 213 13 20 0 33 15.5%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in New York, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 212 13 12 0 25 11.8%
    2012 213 12 12 0 24 11.3%
    2014 213 14 7 0 21 9.9%
    2016 213 10 9 0 19 8.9%
    2018 213 9 9 0 18 8.5%
    2020 213 13 20 0 33 15.5%


    See also:

    North Carolina

    There were 170 seats up for election in North Carolina. Of that total, 26 seats (15.3%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in North Carolina, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 120 4 12 0 16 13.3%
    Senate 50 3 7 0 10 20.0%
    Total 170 7 19 0 26 15.3%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in North Carolina, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 170 11 7 0 18 10.6%
    2012 170 23 23 0 46 27.1%
    2014 170 6 8 0 14 8.2%
    2016 170 4 15 1 20 11.8%
    2018 170 5 14 0 19 11.2%
    2020 170 7 19 0 26 15.3%


    See also:

    North Dakota

    There were 69 seats up for election in North Dakota. Of that total, six seats (8.7%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in North Dakota, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 46 1 3 0 4 8.7%
    Senate 23 0 2 0 2 8.7%
    Total 69 1 5 0 6 8.7%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in North Dakota, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 72 10 5 0 15 20.8%
    2012 75 7 11 0 18 24.0%
    2014 72 3 10 0 13 18.1%
    2016 69 3 12 0 15 21.7%
    2018 72 3 9 0 12 16.7%
    2020 69 1 5 0 6 8.7%


    See also:

    Ohio

    There were 115 seats up for election in Ohio. Of that total, 23 seats (20.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Ohio, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 99 5 13 0 18 18.2%
    Senate 16 0 5 0 5 31.3%
    Total 115 5 18 0 23 20.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Ohio, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 116 15 14 0 29 25.0%
    2012 117 6 13 0 19 16.2%
    2014 116 15 11 0 26 22.4%
    2016 115 9 20 0 29 25.2%
    2018 116 15 27 0 42 36.2%
    2020 115 5 18 0 23 20.0%


    See also:

    Oklahoma

    There were 125 seats up for election in Oklahoma. Of that total, 11 seats (8.8%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Oklahoma, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 101 3 6 0 9 8.9%
    Senate 24 0 2 0 2 8.3%
    Total 125 3 8 0 11 8.8%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Oklahoma, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 125 11 11 0 22 17.6%
    2012 125 11 12 0 23 18.4%
    2014 125 11 19 0 30 24.0%
    2016 125 14 27 0 41 32.8%
    2018 125 12 31 0 43 34.4%
    2020 125 3 8 0 11 8.8%


    See also:

    Oregon

    There were 75 seats up for election in Oregon. Of that total, 15 seats (20.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Oregon, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 60 8 3 0 11 18.3%
    Senate 15 3 1 0 4 26.7%
    Total 75 11 4 0 15 20.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Oregon, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 76 4 3 0 7 9.2%
    2012 76 7 3 0 10 13.2%
    2014 75 5 10 0 15 20.0%
    2016 75 12 5 0 17 22.7%
    2018 73 2 6 0 8 11.0%
    2020 75 11 4 0 15 20.0%


    See also:

    Pennsylvania

    There were 228 seats up for election in Pennsylvania. Of that total, 19 seats (8.3%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Pennsylvania, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 203 6 11 0 17 8.4%
    Senate 25 1 1 0 2 8.0%
    Total 228 7 12 0 19 8.3%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Pennsylvania, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 228 15 6 0 21 9.2%
    2012 228 13 12 0 25 11.0%
    2014 228 8 19 0 27 11.8%
    2016 228 7 12 0 19 8.3%
    2018 228 7 25 0 32 14.0%
    2020 228 7 12 0 19 8.3%


    See also:

    Rhode Island

    There were 113 seats up for election in Rhode Island. Of that total, nine seats (8.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Rhode Island, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 75 5 0 0 5 6.7%
    Senate 38 4 0 0 4 10.5%
    Total 113 9 0 0 9 8.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Rhode Island, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 113 14 1 0 15 13.3%
    2012 113 10 3 0 13 11.5%
    2014 113 6 2 0 8 7.1%
    2016 113 3 4 1 8 7.1%
    2018 113 11 4 0 15 13.3%
    2020 113 9 0 0 9 8.0%


    See also:

    South Carolina

    There were 170 seats up for election in South Carolina. Of that total, 14 seats (8.2%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in South Carolina, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 124 3 8 0 11 8.9%
    Senate 46 1 2 0 3 6.5%
    Total 170 4 10 0 14 8.2%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in South Carolina, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 124 3 9 0 12 9.7%
    2012 170 12 12 0 24 14.1%
    2014 124 4 5 0 9 7.3%
    2016 170 7 10 0 17 10.0%
    2018 124 2 6 0 8 6.5%
    2020 170 4 10 0 14 8.2%


    See also:

    South Dakota

    There were 105 seats up for election in South Dakota. Of that total, 29 seats (27.6%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in South Dakota, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 70 1 16 0 17 24.3%
    Senate 35 1 11 0 12 34.3%
    Total 105 2 27 0 29 27.6%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in South Dakota, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 105 11 23 0 34 32.4%
    2012 105 6 25 0 31 29.5%
    2014 105 8 23 0 31 29.5%
    2016 105 10 32 0 42 40.0%
    2018 105 7 19 0 26 24.8%
    2020 105 2 27 0 29 27.6%


    See also:

    Tennessee

    There were 115 seats up for election in Tennessee. Of that total, six seats (5.2%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Tennessee, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 99 0 5 0 5 5.1%
    Senate 16 0 1 0 1 6.3%
    Total 115 0 6 0 6 5.2%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Tennessee, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 116 2 8 0 10 8.6%
    2012 115 14 7 0 21 18.3%
    2014 116 4 8 0 12 10.3%
    2016 115 1 5 0 6 5.2%
    2018 116 9 18 0 27 23.3%
    2020 115 0 6 0 6 5.2%


    See also:

    Texas

    There were 166 seats up for election in Texas. Of that total, 11 seats (6.6%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Texas, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 150 3 7 0 10 6.7%
    Senate 16 1 0 0 1 6.3%
    Total 166 4 7 0 11 6.6%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Texas, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 166 3 6 0 9 5.4%
    2012 181 8 27 0 35 19.3%
    2014 165 2 13 0 15 9.1%
    2016 166 4 12 0 16 9.6%
    2018 165 1 13 0 14 8.5%
    2020 166 4 7 0 11 6.6%


    See also:

    Utah

    There were 90 seats up for election in Utah. Of that total, 13 seats (14.4%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Utah, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 75 3 7 0 10 13.3%
    Senate 15 0 3 0 3 20.0%
    Total 90 3 10 0 13 14.4%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Utah, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 90 1 8 0 9 10.0%
    2012 91 2 13 0 15 16.5%
    2014 89 5 7 0 12 13.5%
    2016 90 0 13 1 14 15.6%
    2018 89 3 21 0 24 27.0%
    2020 90 3 10 0 13 14.4%


    See also:

    Vermont

    There were 180 seats up for election in Vermont. Of that total, 22 seats (12.2%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Vermont, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 150 13 3 3 19 12.7%
    Senate 30 2 1 0 3 10.0%
    Total 180 15 4 3 22 12.2%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Vermont, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 180 12 8 1 21 11.7%
    2012 180 7 9 10 26 14.4%
    2014 180 18 7 2 27 15.0%
    2016 180 24 4 0 28 15.6%
    2018 180 16 16 0 32 17.8%
    2020 180 15 4 3 22 12.2%


    See also:

    Washington

    There were 123 seats up for election in Washington. Of that total, 16 seats (13.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Washington, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 98 7 6 0 13 13.3%
    Senate 25 0 3 0 3 12.0%
    Total 123 7 9 0 16 13.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Washington, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 123 19 1 0 20 16.3%
    2012 124 16 10 0 26 21.0%
    2014 123 6 6 0 12 9.8%
    2016 124 10 11 0 21 16.9%
    2018 123 5 12 0 17 13.8%
    2020 123 7 9 0 16 13.0%


    See also:

    West Virginia

    There were 117 seats up for election in West Virginia. Of that total, 24 seats (20.5%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in West Virginia, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 100 11 8 1 20 20.0%
    Senate 17 3 1 0 4 23.5%
    Total 117 14 9 1 24 20.5%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in West Virginia, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 117 8 6 0 14 12.0%
    2012 117 5 6 8 19 16.2%
    2014 117 6 5 0 11 9.4%
    2016 117 11 14 0 25 21.4%
    2018 117 3 15 0 18 15.4%
    2020 117 14 9 1 24 20.5%


    See also:

    Wisconsin

    There were 115 seats up for election in Wisconsin. Of that total, 20 seats (17.4%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Wisconsin, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 99 7 6 0 13 13.1%
    Senate 16 4 3 0 7 43.8%
    Total 115 11 9 0 20 17.4%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Wisconsin, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 116 8 14 1 23 19.8%
    2012 115 14 8 1 23 20.0%
    2014 116 9 20 0 29 25.0%
    2016 115 5 8 0 13 11.3%
    2018 116 5 11 0 16 13.8%
    2020 115 11 9 0 20 17.4%


    See also:

    Wyoming

    There were 75 seats up for election in Wyoming. Of that total, 15 seats (20.0%) were open.

    In 2020

    Statistics from 2020 are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Wyoming, 2020
    Chamber Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    House 60 3 8 0 11 18.3%
    Senate 15 0 4 0 4 26.7%
    Total 75 3 12 0 15 20.0%

    2010-2020

    Historical open seat statistics are shown below. Hover over column headings to learn more about their contents.

    Open state legislative seats in Wyoming, 2010-2020
    Year Seats
    Democratic Republican Other Total
    # %
    2010 75 5 10 0 15 20.0%
    2012 75 3 12 0 15 20.0%
    2014 75 1 10 0 11 14.7%
    2016 75 2 18 0 20 26.7%
    2018 75 2 8 0 10 13.3%
    2020 75 3 12 0 15 20.0%


    See also:

    Impact of term limits

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2020

    A seat can become open when an incumbent is term-limited. Fifteen state legislatures have term limits, which require incumbents to leave office after serving a certain length of time.

    In 2020, 211 state legislators—60 state senators and 151 state representatives—were term-limited. This represented 4% of the 5,875 total seats up for election, and 24% of the 876 open seats.[1]

    Terms and methodologies

    Incumbent

    See also: Incumbent

    Ballotpedia defines incumbency by chamber. Under this definition, if an incumbent in House District 1 filed for re-election in House District 2, they would still be counted as an incumbent due to their remaining in the same chamber even though they ran for a different seat. If an incumbent in House District 1 filed to run in Senate District 2, they would not be counted as an incumbent in the Senate race since they are coming from a different chamber.

    Ballotpedia uses the term re-elect to refer to any incumbent who is running in an election to retain their office, including incumbents who were originally appointed to their position.

    Open seat

    An open seat is one where no incumbents filed to run, or filed but withdrew and did not appear on any ballot for the seat. Open seat figures freeze at the time of the primary unless an incumbent did not participate in the primary but later chose to seek re-election as a minor party or independent candidate, in which case the seat for which they filed would not be counted as open.

    If a seat was open at the time of the primary, but a non-incumbent candidate later assumed office (via special election or appointment), the seat would still be counted as open since the original incumbent did not file to run in the primary.

    Seat

    State legislative seats represent the total number of candidates who can be elected. These totals may differ from state legislative districts.

    In most states, every state legislative district includes a single seat. These are referred to as single-member state legislative districts.

    Certain states have multi-member state legislative districts, where a single district contains multiple seats. In these districts, open seat figures pertain to individual seats. For example, if a multi-member district contains three seats and two incumbents file for re-election but one does not, that one seat would be counted as an open seat.

    Difference between open seats and retiring incumbents

    An open seat is one where no incumbents filed to run. Typically, this occurs when an incumbent leaves office. But incumbents may choose to run for some other seat within the same chamber. When this happens, that incumbent's original seat can be left open without the incumbent leaving office.

    See also

    Footnotes

    1. Some of the 211 term-limited state legislators in 2020 may have resigned before their term ended. These legislators were still counted in the total number of term-limited legislators in 2020.