California judicial elections, 2014
California judicial elections, 2014 | |
Overview | |
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Total candidates: | 608 |
Primary candidates: | 111 |
General election candidates: | 520 |
Incumbency | |
Incumbents: | 509 |
Incumbent success rate: | 99% |
Competition - general election | |
Percent of candidates in contested races: | 4% |
Percent uncontested: | 86% |
Percent retention: | 10% |
2015 →
← 2013
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Judicial Elections |
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Judicial elections, 2014 |
Judicial election dates |
Candidates by state |
Supreme court elections |
The key races amongst many California judicial elections in 2014 were the contested superior court races. The following counties featured trial court races with two or more candidates: Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Imperial, Los Angeles, Monterey, Nevada, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Yolo and Yuba.
Of the 470 superior court judges who ran for re-election in the 2014 general election, 450 were unopposed and did not appear on the ballot. There were 10 contested races in which two incumbents were defeated.
Also in 2014, voters had the opportunity to choose whether or not to retain certain justices of the supreme court and the courts of appeal. Such retention elections only occur every four years.
In addition to candidate lists, this page includes information about how the state's judicial elections work, as well as articles about noteworthy news in races across the state.
Election dates
- March 7: Filing deadline for superior court candidates
- June 3: Primary
- August 15: Filing deadline for appellate court justices seeking retention
- November 4: General election[1][2]
General election: Contested races
(I) denotes incumbent
Calaveras County Superior Court, Dept. 1
- Dana Leanne Pfeil, 46.8%
- Grant Barrett, 52.8%
Calaveras County Superior Court, Dept. 2
- Hugh K. Swift (I), 46.3%
- Tim Healy, 53.3%
Fresno County Superior Court, Office 15
- Lisa M. Gamoian, 51.1%
- Rachel Hill, 48.5%
Los Angeles County Superior Court, Office 61
- Dayan Mathai, 44.7%
- Jacqueline H. Lewis, 55.3%
Los Angeles County Superior Court, Office 87
- Andrew M. Stein, 41.2%
- Tom Griego, 58.6%
Nevada County Superior Court, Seat 1
- Anna Ferguson, 43.2%
- Robert Tice-Raskin, 56.8%
Orange County Superior Court, Office 14
- Kenneth C. "KC" Jones, 41.9%
- Kevin Haskins, 58.1%
San Diego County Superior Court, Office 25
- Brad A. Weinreb, 56.7%
- Ken Gosselin, 43.3%
San Francisco County Superior Court, Office 20
- Carol Kingsley, 41%
- Daniel A. Flores, 59%
Santa Clara County Superior Court, Office 24
- Diane Ritchie (I), 45.9%
- Matthew S. Harris, 54.1%
General election: Retentions
Justices of the appellate courts face retention every four years.[2]
Supreme court
Retention
Judge | Election Vote |
---|---|
Kathryn Mickle Werdegar | 72.6% ![]() |
Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar | 67.7% ![]() |
Goodwin Liu | 67.1% ![]() |
Justice Werdegar, 78, was retained along with Justice Liu, who was 44 at the time of the election. Liu was appointed in 2011 and won his first full term in 2014.[3][4]
Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar was appointed to the court by Governor Jerry Brown in July 2014, and was retained to a full term in November 2014.[5]
Courts of appeal
First District Court of Appeal
Retention
Judge | Election Vote |
---|---|
Anthony Kline | 75.3% ![]() |
Stuart Pollak | 74.5% ![]() |
Martin J. Jenkins | 77.6% ![]() |
Kathleen M. Banke | 78.8% ![]() |
James M. Humes | 75.4% ![]() |
Therese M. Stewart | 77.4% ![]() |
Terence L. Bruiniers | 75.2% ![]() |
Ignazio Ruvolo | 73.9% ![]() |
Mark Simons | 77.9% ![]() |
Second District Court of Appeal
Retention
Judge | Election Vote |
---|---|
Audrey Collins | 71.0% ![]() |
Brian M. Hoffstadt | 67.8% ![]() |
Jeffrey W. Johnson | 75.8% ![]() |
Lee Edmon | 70.6% ![]() |
Nora Manella | 75.3% ![]() |
Paul Turner (California) | |
Kenneth Yegan | 73.3% ![]() |
Dennis Perluss | 67.9% ![]() |
Laurence Rubin | 70.2% ![]() |
Madeleine Flier | 69.9% ![]() |
Frances Rothschild | 70.7% ![]() |
Third District Court of Appeal
Retention
Judge | Election Vote |
---|---|
Vance Raye | 69.9% ![]() |
Andrea L. Hoch | 70.4% ![]() |
Jonathan Renner | 64.7% ![]() |
William J. Murray, Jr. | 70.7% ![]() |
Louis R. Mauro | 66.3% ![]() |
Elena J. Duarte | 66.4% ![]() |
Ronald Robie | 68.6% ![]() |
Fourth District Court of Appeal
Retention
Judge | Election Vote |
---|---|
Richard Fybel | 63.9% ![]() |
Richard Aronson | 72.9% ![]() |
Terry O'Rourke | 74.6% ![]() |
Gilbert Nares | 71.4% ![]() |
Kathleen O'Leary | 69.9% ![]() |
James McIntyre | 75.4% ![]() |
William Rylaarsdam | 70.0% ![]() |
David A. Thompson | 75.3% ![]() |
Alex McDonald | 75.3% ![]() |
Thomas Hollenhorst | 73.7% ![]() |
Fifth District Court of Appeal
Retention
Judge | Election Vote |
---|---|
Rosendo Peña, Jr. | 55.8% ![]() |
Donald R. Franson, Jr. | 68.5% ![]() |
Dennis Cornell | 67.0% ![]() |
Gene Gomes | 60.4% ![]() |
Stephen Kane | 69.8% ![]() |
Sixth District Court of Appeal
Retention
Judge | Election Vote |
---|---|
Miguel Márquez | 72.0% ![]() |
Adrienne M. Grover | 76.9% ![]() |
Eugene Premo | 73.5% ![]() |
Franklin Elia | 75.1% ![]() |
Patricia Bamattre-Manoukian | 74.2% ![]() |
General election: Uncontested
If a superior court judge runs unopposed for re-election, his or her name does not appear on the ballot and he or she is automatically re-elected following the general election.[6]
The following candidates were unopposed in 2014.
Alameda County Superior Court
- Alice Vilardi
- Brad Seligman
- Carol S. Brosnahan
- Dan Grimmer
- Dennis J. McLaughlin
- Dennis W. Hayashi
- Frank Roesch
- Gregory Syren
- Kevin R. Murphy
- Kimberly E. Colwell
- Leopoldo E. Dorado
- Mark A. McCannon
- Morris D. Jacobson
- Paul D. Herbert
- Robert D. McGuiness
- Scott Patton
- Stephen Kaus
- Stephen M. Pulido
- Steven A. Brick
- Trina Thompson
- Vernon K. Nakahara
- Winifred Younge Smith
Alpine County Superior Court
Butte County Superior Court
Contra Costa County Superior Court
- Bruce Clayton Mills
- Charles S. Treat
- Cheryl Mills
- Diana Becton
- George V. Spanos
- Judy Johnson
- Lewis A. Davis
- Patricia M. Scanlon
- Susanne M. Fenstermacher
- Terri A. Mockler
Del Norte County Superior Court
El Dorado County Superior Court
Fresno County Superior Court
- Alan M. Simpson
- Arlan L. Harrell
- Carlos A. Cabrera
- D. Tyler Tharpe
- Dale Ikeda
- David Andrew Gottlieb
- Don Penner
- Francine Zepeda
- Gregory T. Fain
- Houry A. Sanderson
- James A. Kelley
- Jane Cardoza
- Jeffrey Y. Hamilton, Jr.
- John F. Vogt
- Jon N. Kapetan
- Jonathan B. Conklin
- Kimberly J. Nystrom-Geist
- M. Bruce Smith
- Mark Wood Snauffer
- Wayne R. Ellison
Kern County Superior Court
- Brian McNamara
- Charles R. Brehmer
- Gary T. Friedman
- John D. Oglesby
- Kenneth C. Twisselman II
- Larry Errea
- Michael G. Bush
- William D. Palmer
Kings County Superior Court
Los Angeles County Superior Court
- Alan B. Honeycutt
- Allen Joseph Webster, Jr.
- Ann I. Jones
- Annabelle G. Cortez
- Barbara Marie Scheper
- Bert Glennon, Jr.
- Beverly L. Bourne
- Bruce G. Iwasaki
- Carolyn B. Kuhl
- Charles Carlos Chung
- Christina L. Hill
- Clifford L. Klein
- Craig Richman
- Curtis A. Kin
- Dalila C. Lyons
- Daniel B. Feldstern
- Daniel Brenner
- Daniel P. Ramirez
- Daniel S. Murphy
- Darrell S. Mavis
- David B. Walgren
- David L. Minning
- Deborah S. Brazil
- Debra A. Cole
- Debre Katz Weintraub
- Deirdre H. Hill
- Dorothy L. Shubin
- Douglas W. Sortino
- Douglas W. Stern
- Elizabeth Ann Lippitt
- Ellen Carol DeShazer
- Emilie Harris Elias
- Frank M. Tavelman
- Fred J. Fujioka
- Fred N. Wapner
- Frederick Rotenberg
- Fumiko Hachiya Wasserman
- Gail Ruderman Feuer
- George G. Lomeli
- Gerald Rosenberg
- Gregorio Roman
- H. Clay Jacke II
- H. Jay Ford, III
- Halim Dhanidina
- Hank Goldberg
- Harvey A. Silberman
- Hector M. Guzman
- Hilleri G. Merritt
- Holly J. Fujie
- James N. Bianco
- James R. Dunn
- Jane L. Johnson
- Jared D. Moses
- Jeffrey K. Winikow
- Joel Wallenstein
- John A. Torribio
- John L. Henning
- John Segal
- John T. Doyle
- Jose I. Sandoval
- Joseph A. Brandolino
- Joseph R. Porras
- Juan Carlos Dominguez
- Julie Fox Blackshaw
- Karen Joy Nudell
- Kathleen Blanchard
- Kenji Machida
- Kenneth R. Freeman
- Kerry R. Bensinger
- Kevin L. Brown
- Lauren Weis Birnstein
- Leland H. Tipton
- Leslie E. Brown
- Lloyd C. Loomis
- Lori A. Fournier
- Lori R. Behar
- Lynne M. Hobbs
- Marc D. Gross
- Marcelita V. Haynes
- Margaret Henry
- Margaret L. Oldendorf
- Maria E. Stratton
- Martin Larry Herscovitz
- Mary Lou Villar de Longoria
- Maureen Duffy-Lewis
- Michael Anthony Tynan
- Michael B. Harwin
- Michael Garcia
- Michael J. O'Gara
- Michael J. Raphael
- Michael J. Shultz
- Michael V. Jesic
- Michael Villalobos
- Michelle Williams Court
- Mike Camacho
- Nicole C. Bershon
- Norman J. Shapiro
- Norman Perry Tarle
- Patricia M. Schnegg
- Patricia Nieto
- Patrick A. Cathcart
- Patrick Connolly
- Patti Jo McKay
- Paul A. Bacigalupo
- Peter A. Hernandez
- Ralph W. Dau
- Randolph Rogers
- Ray G. Jurado
- Richard E. Naranjo
- Richard F. Walmark
- Richard H. Kirschner
- Richard L. Fruin, Jr.
- Richard M. Goul
- Richard R. Romero
- Richard S. Kemalyan
- Rita J. Miller
- Robert A. Dukes
- Robert B. Broadbelt
- Robert Leslie Hess
- Robert P. Applegate
- Robert S. Draper
- Roberto Longoria
- Rolf Michael Treu
- Ross M. Klein
- Rupa S. Goswami
- Stanley Blumenfeld
- Stephen P. Pfahler
- Steven D. Blades
- Stuart M. Rice
- Susan M. Speer
- Suzette Clover
- Teresa Sanchez-Gordon
- Teresa T. Sullivan
- Terry A. Green
- Thomas Falls
- Thomas I. McKnew, Jr.
- Thomas R. Sokolov
- Thomas Rubinson
- Thomas T. Lewis
- Tia Graves Fisher
- Tony L. Richardson
- Victor E. Chavez
- Victor L. Wright
- Virginia Keeny
- William D. Stewart
- William N. Sterling
- William P. Barry
- Yvette M. Palazuelos
Madera County Superior Court
Marin County Superior Court
Mendocino County Superior Court
Merced County Superior Court
Monterey County Superior Court
- Albert H. Maldonado
- Carrie McIntyre Panetta
- Lydia M. Villarreal
- Mark E. Hood
- Marla O. Anderson
- Sam Lavorato, Jr.
- Stephanie Hulsey
- Timothy P. Roberts
Napa County Superior Court
Placer County Superior Court
Riverside County Superior Court
- Charles E. Stafford, Jr.
- David M. Chapman
- Gail O'Rane
- Harold W. Hopp
- Helios Joe Hernandez II
- James S. Hawkins
- Jeffrey Prevost
- John D. Molloy
- John W. Vineyard
- Judith C. Clark
- Mark A. Mandio
- Matthew C. Perantoni
- Michael J. Rushton
- Otis Sterling III
- Raquel A. Marquez
- Richard T. Fields
- Roger A. Luebs
- Sharon J. Waters
Sacramento County Superior Court
- Alyson Lewis
- Bunmi Awoniyi
- Cheryl Chun Meegan
- David F. De Alba
- Helena R. Gweon
- James E. McFetridge
- James M. Mize
- Judy Holzer Hersher
- Kevin R. Culhane
- Laurel D. White
- Marjorie Koller
- Michael A. Savage
- Michael G. Bowman
- Michael W. Sweet
- Raoul M. Thorbourne
- Steven Gevercer
- Steven Lapham
San Bernardino County Superior Court
- Brian S. McCarville
- Bridgid M. McCann
- Cheryl C. Kersey
- Donald R. Alvarez
- Erin K. Alexander
- Gerard S. Brown
- Harold T. Wilson, Jr.
- J. David Mazurek
- John M. Tomberlin
- Lily L. Sinfield
- Lisa M. Rogan
- Michael A. Knish
- Michael R. Libutti
- Pamela P. King
- Rodney A. Cortez
- Stanford E. Reichert
- Stephan G. Saleson
- Teresa M. Bennett
- William Jefferson Powell IV
San Diego County Superior Court
- Blaine K. Bowman
- Browder A. Willis III
- Carol Isackson
- Carolyn M. Caietti
- Charles R. Gill
- Daniel B. Goldstein
- David J. Danielsen
- David M. Gill
- David M. Szumowski
- Desiree A. Bruce-Lyle
- Earl H. Maas III
- Eddie C. Sturgeon
- Edward P. Allard III
- Esteban Hernandez
- Evan P. Kirvin
- Frederic L. Link
- Garry G. Haehnle
- Harry M. Elias
- Howard H. Shore
- Jeffrey B. Barton
- Jeffrey S. Bostwick
- John S. Meyer
- Judith F. Hayes
- Kathleen M. Lewis
- Laura H. Parsky
- Laura J. Birkmeyer
- Laura W. Halgren
- Louis R. Hanoian
- Margie G. Woods
- Marshall Y. Hockett
- Michael D. Washington
- Michael T. Smyth
- Patricia Guerrero
- Paula S. Rosenstein
- Peter L. Gallagher
- Richard E. L. Strauss
- Richard S. Whitney
- Robert J. Trentacosta
- Ronald L. Styn
- Timothy M. Casserly
- Timothy R. Walsh
- William R. Nevitt, Jr.
San Francisco County Superior Court
- A. James Robertson II
- Anne-Christine Massullo
- Braden C. Woods
- Brendan P. Conroy
- Charlene P. Kiesselbach
- Charles F. Haines
- Charlotte Walter Woolard
- Ethan P. Schulman
- Gail Dekreon
- Garrett L. Wong
- Gerardo C. Sandoval
- Harold E. Kahn
- Harry M. Dorfman
- James J. McBride
- John E. Munter
- John Kennedy Stewart
- Julie M. Tang
- Ksenia Tsenin
- Loretta M. Giorgi
- Mary E. Wiss
- Nancy L. Davis
- Peter J. Busch
- Rochelle C. East
- Tracie L. Brown
San Joaquin County Superior Court
San Luis Obispo County Superior Court
San Mateo County Superior Court
- Don R. Franchi
- Elizabeth M. Hill
- Jonathan E. Karesh
- Joseph E. Bergeron
- Richard H. DuBois
- Steven L. Dylina
Santa Barbara County Superior Court
Santa Clara County Superior Court
- Allison M. Danner
- Arthur Bocanegra
- Brian Walsh
- Carol W. Overton
- David A. Cena
- Edward Frederick Lee
- Erica R. Yew
- Hector E. Ramon
- Helen E. Williams
- James E. Towery
- Joseph Huber
- Katherine Lucero
- Kenneth Paul Barnum
- Kurt E. Kumli
- Mary Ann Grilli
- Mary Arand
- Mary J. Greenwood
- My-Le Jacqueline Duong
- Peter H. Kirwan
- Raymond J. Davilla, Jr.
- Richard J. Loftus, Jr.
- Ron M. Del Pozzo
- Sharon A. Chatman
- Shawna M. Schwarz
- Shelyna V. Brown
- Stephen V. Manley
Santa Cruz County Superior Court
- Ariadne J. Symons
- Denine J. Guy
- Heather D. Morse
- John Steven Salazar
- Paul M. Marigonda
- Paul P. Burdick
- Stephen S. Siegel
Shasta County Superior Court
Siskiyou County Superior Court
Solano County Superior Court
Stanislaus County Superior Court
- Linda A. McFadden
- Marie Sovey Silveira
- Nancy Ashley
- Robert B. Westbrook
- Roger M. Beauchesne
- Scott T. Steffen
- Thomas D. Zeff
- Timothy W. Salter
- William A. Mayhew
Tuolumne County Superior Court
Ventura County Superior Court
- Donald D. Coleman
- Frederick H. Bysshe, Jr.
- Gilbert A. Romero
- Jeffrey G. Bennett
- Kent M. Kellegrew
- Matthew P. Guasco
- Michael Lief
- Patricia M. Murphy
- Rebecca S. Riley
- Tari L. Cody
- Vincent J. O'Neill, Jr.
Yolo County Superior Court
Yuba County Superior Court
Primary
For candidate lists and results from the judicial primary on June 3, 2014, please see: California judicial primary elections, 2014.
Process
Retention
Justices of the California Supreme Court and California Courts of Appeal must run for retention in the first gubernatorial election after they are appointed and then every 12 years, when their terms expire, in November. In these elections, justices do not compete against another candidate. Instead, voters are given a "yes" or "no" choice as to whether to keep the justice in office for another term. The justice must receive a majority of "yes" votes to remain in office. If a justice is not retained, the governor appoints a replacement who must run for retention in the next gubernatorial election following their appointment.[7][2]
Justices are typically retained. Since the state started its system of retention elections in 1934, the only year that any supreme court justice was not retained was 1986. That year, three justices were ousted from the bench due to ruling against the death penalty.[8][9] In 2010, all of the justices who faced retention were retained. Supreme court justices were retained by an average of 66.8% of votes, while justices of the intermediate appellate courts were retained by an average of 71.0% of the votes.
See: California judicial elections for more details.
Nonpartisan elections
Superior court judges run in nonpartisan elections and participate in primaries. They must run for re-election every six years, if they wish to continue serving on the court. (Appointed judges are required to run once the term they were appointed to fill expires.)
When running for re-election, a sitting judge may face one or more opponents. Write-in candidates may also file to run against an incumbent within 10 days after the filing deadline passes, if they are able to secure enough signatures, generally between 100 and 600, depending on the number of registered voters in the county. In both cases, the incumbent's name appears on the general election ballot along with an option to vote for a write-in candidate.[6] If one candidate receives over 50% of the votes in the primary, he or she wins the seat without having to run in the general election. If no candidate receives over 50% of the primary votes, the top two vote-getters, for a single seat in the primary, advance to the general election.[10]
If a superior court judge runs unopposed for re-election, his or her name does not appear on the ballot in either the primary or general election, and the judge is automatically re-elected following the general election.[6]
Fees
The fees for filing declarations of candidacy, as of 2014:
- Supreme court justices: $4,425.84 (two percent of salary)
- Judges of the courts of appeal: $2,074.63 (one percent of salary)
- Superior court judges: $1,812.92 (one percent of salary)[11][12][13]
In lieu of paying this filing fee, candidates may submit signatures. The number of signatures that must be submitted vary by court and county.
- Justices of the supreme court must submit 10,000 signatures.
- Judges of the courts of appeal must submit 8,299 signatures.
- The number of signatures required for candidates for the superior courts is 7,252 (four signatures for every dollar of the filing fee) or 10-20 percent of the total registered voters in the county--whichever is less. The 10 percent applies to counties with more than 2,000 registered voters, while the 20 percent applies to counties with fewer than 2,000 registered voters.[11]
Noteworthy events
The following articles were current as of the dates listed.
Races open for California judiciary seatsOctober 16, 2014 | Click for story→ |
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See: JP Election Brief: Gold Rush! Racing to the California judiciary |
Recount expected in LA County Superior Court raceJune 5, 2014 | Click for story→ |
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Deputy district attorney Carol Najera defeated incumbent James B. Pierce by a fraction of a percent in the primary for the Los Angeles County Superior Court.[14]
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Five candidates run in Nevada County raceMay 29, 2014 | Click for story→ |
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See also: JP Election Brief: Primary season in high gear--what you may have missed and upcoming races to watch
Five candidates are running for a seat on the Nevada County Superior Court. It was one of the state's most-populated judicial contests in 2014, tied with a race for the Fresno County Superior Court.[17]
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California candidate speaks against removal of her billboardsMay 15, 2014 | Click for story→ | ||||||
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See also: JP Election Brief: Candidate attacks
Carla Keehn ran against incumbent Lisa Schall for election to the San Diego County Superior Court. The federal prosecutor paid $14,000 to place ads on billboards owned by Clear Channel for 30 days, in advance of the election. According to an article on the website for public broadcasting station KPBS, the billboards said:
The language in Keehn's ad referenced Schall's October 2007 DUI charge. Schall later entered a plea to a lesser charge of reckless driving. The California Commission on Judicial Performance publicly admonished Schall following her plea. The commission previously issued private admonishments of Schall for her behavior on the bench in 1995 and 1999.[21] Despite these past issues, for the 2014 judicial elections, the San Diego County Bar Association rated Schall as "well-qualified." Keehn was rated as "qualified."[22]
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Superior court seat open in Fresno CountyApril 10, 2014 | Click for story→ | ||||||
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See also: JP Election Brief: The "E" word in judicial elections: Ethics
Robert H. Oliver served as a judge on the Superior Court of Fresno County from 1998 until his retirement in January 2015. The January opening on the court attracted five candidates.[24]
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Meet the Yolo County Superior Court candidatesApril 10, 2014 | Click for story→ |
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See also: JP Election Brief: The "E" word in judicial elections: Ethics
Four candidatesran for the Department 3 seat on the Yolo County Superior Court in June, the only contested race in the county in 2014. The four candidates vied to replace Judge Stephen L. Mock, who retired in January 2015. The Daily Democrat recently provided background information on each of the candidates. Snapshots of each person are provided below.[31][32]
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Incumbent not endorsed by Santa Clara County Bar AssociationMarch 27, 2014 | Click for story→ | ||||||||||||||||
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See also: JP Election Brief: Women successful in judicial races as incumbents face challengers
Judge Diane Ritchie faced election competition for her seat on the Superior Court of Santa Clara County in 2014. The Santa Clara County Bar Association announced on March 24 their endorsement for one of her challengers, Matt Harris. This was the result of an internal poll by the association in which attorneys were asked to rate the judicial candidates up for office this year.[33]
Harris, before winning the 2014 election, served as a deputy district attorney. Angel at the time of the election worked as a defense attorney in private practice.[34] They are the first candidates since 1998 to challenge a sitting judge in Santa Clara County. That year, the incumbent won.[33]
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See also
External links
- California Secretary of State, "Elections," accessed April 22, 2014
- Los Angeles Times, "Safeguarding California's judicial election process," August 21, 2011
- California Courts, "How Appellate Court Justices are Selected," accessed April 22, 2014
Footnotes
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Key Dates and Deadlines," 2014
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedappellate
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "California Supreme Court headed for change," April 4, 2014
- ↑ Stanford Law School, "Justice Goodwin Liu," accessed April 22, 2014
- ↑ California Secretary of State Voter Guide, "Justices of the Supreme Court," accessed August 26, 2014
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 California Elections Code, "Section 8203," accessed April 22, 2014
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Justices of the Supreme Court," accessed June 1, 2014
- ↑ Santa Clara Law Review (Volume 28, No. 2), "California Judicial Retention Elections," by Gerald F. Uelmen, 1988
- ↑ American Judicature Society, "Judicial Selection in the States: California", archived October 2, 2014
- ↑ California Elections Code, "Section 8140-8150," accessed April 22, 2014
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 California Elections Code, "Section 8100-8107," accessed April 22, 2014
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Section 3: Candidate Filing Information for the 2014 primary election," accessed April 22, 2014
- ↑ National Center for State Courts, "Judicial Salary Tracker," accessed April 21, 2014
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Los Angeles Dragnet, "Historic Victories in Primary Election," June 4, 2014
- ↑ Los Angeles County Registrar-Recorder/Clerk, "Superior Court Primary Election Results," June 4, 2014
- ↑ Commission on Government Reform – U.S. House of Representatives, "Summaries of State Election Procedures," November 2002
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Tahoe Daily Tribune, "Election 2014: Nevada County Judicial candidates face crowded field, May 23, 2014
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 Tahoe Daily Tribune, "Election 2014: 5 vie for Nevada Co. Superior Court Judge Seat 1," May 23, 2014
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 KPBS, "San Diego Judicial Candidate Says Rights Violated When Billboards Removed," May 13, 2014
- ↑ Metropolitan News-Enterprise, "San Diego judge publicly censured over 'wet-reckless' plea," September 17, 2008, accessed February 27, 2014
- ↑ San Diego County Bar Association, "2014 San Diego Judge Elections: Judicial Candidate Ratings," accessed May 14, 2014
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 San Diego Free Press, "Clear Channel Responds to Political Pressure, Quashes Billboard Ads for Judicial Candidate," May 12, 2014
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 The Fresno Bee, "Fresno County Judge Robert Oliver retiring next year," January 27, 2014
- ↑ Fresno State News, "Robert H. Oliver is Fresno State Foundation Service Award recipient," April 22, 2010
- ↑ Cline for Judge, "Positions," accessed June 1, 2014
- ↑ Lisa Gamoian for judge 2014, "About Lisa," accessed June 1, 2014
- ↑ Hill 4 Judge, "About," accessed June 1, 2014
- ↑ Elect Steven Smith for Judge, "Home," accessed June 1, 2014
- ↑ Charles Magill judge, "Biography of Charles Magill," accessed June 1, 2014
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Daily Democrat, "Yolo judicial candidates have wide range of experience," April 6, 2014 (Part 1)
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Daily Democrat, "Yolo judicial candidates have wide range of experience," April 6, 2014 (Part 2)
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 San Jose Mercury News, "Bar association gives judge cold shoulder," March 25, 2014
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Santa Clara County Bar Association, "Santa Clara County Bar Association Endorses Dennis Lempert and Matt Harris in Contested Superior Court Seats," March 24, 2014
- ↑ Santa Clara County Bar Association, "Judicial Survey Results - Diane Ritchie," 2011
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Federal courts:
Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals • U.S. District Court: Central District of California, Eastern District of California, Northern District of California, Southern District of California • U.S. Bankruptcy Court: Central District of California, Eastern District of California, Northern District of California, Southern District of California
State courts:
California Supreme Court • California Courts of Appeal • California Superior Courts
State resources:
Courts in California • California judicial elections • Judicial selection in California